AGRICULTURE

GEOGRAPHY-VIII STANDARD
 Expected Learning Outcome

• By the end of this lesson, students will be

able to:
• List and describe the different types of
farming
• List and classify the major crops
• Describe how agriculture is practised in
India
Introduction -Agriculture
 AGRICULTURE
Agriclture also called farming, refers to cultivation of soil
for growing crops, rearing of livestock for food, wool
andother products

Agriculture is also primary activity involves production of

natural resources like crops, fruits, vegetables and animal
products.

It is the oldest activites of humans.It is the backbone of

indian economy and livelihood of rural areas
 CLIMATE

SOIL

RELIEF
AGRICULTURE
FACTORS OF

SIZE OF HOLDING

TRANSPORT FACILITIES

AVAILABILITY OF LOANS

METHODS OF FARMING
 TYPES OF
FARMING

SUBSISTENCE COMMERCIAL
DAIRY FARMING
FARMING FARMING

PRIMITIVE INTENSIVE
MIXED FARMING
SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE

NOMADIC SHIFTING PLANTATION

FARMING AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

COMMERCIAL GRAIN
FARMING
 MAJOR TYPE OF FARMING

SUBSISTENCE FARMING COMMERCIAL FARMING DAIRY FARMING

 Intensive
Farming
Nomadic Shifting
Farming Cultivation
Types of
Farming
Mixed
Farming Commercial
Grain Farming
Plantation
Agriculture
 Subsistence Farming: Carried out to meet family requirement
just enough to feed family not for sale

Intensive Farming: Carried out in large plots of land,use huge

capital and extensive use of machines. Mainly for sale and profit

Dairy Farming: Practice of rearing of cattle on large farms to

Types of obtaine milk and animal products, involves scientific techniques
Farming and investment

Primitive Subsistence: By this methods farmers rear livestock and

crops for personal needs.Methods and tool are basic

Intensive Subsistence: Farmer cultivate in small plot of lands

using basic tools, more labour than primitive farmers. Use one or
more crops.
 Nomadic Farming: Practise of raising livestock by herders who
move from one to another place with families in search of fodders,
pastures and water

Shifting Agriculture: System of farming in which small patches

of forests are cleared by cutting and burning of trees. Ashes used
for fertility of soil . It is also called slash & burn method. It is
abandoned later for its fertility, moving to another area.

Types of Mixed farming: Practise of raising food crops, fodder crops

Farming raising livestock simultaneously.

Plantation: Commercial farming involves cultivation of single

crop such as coffee, sugarcane, rubber & banana for profit.Large
amt of capital and labour used.

Commercial Grain Farming: Practise of using large farms, huge

modern machines. Sold in global market
MAJOR CROPS OF INDIA
CROP CLASSIFICATION WITH EXAMPLES
 CROPPING PATTERN
INDIA HAS THREE CROPPING SEASONS AND SO VARIOUS TYPES OF FOOD AND FIBRE CROPS,
VEGETABLES, FRUITS, SPICES ARE GROWN IN THE COUNTRY.

RABI KHARIF ZAID

SOWN IN WINTER(OCT TO DEC) GROWN WITH ONSET OF MONSOON SHORT SEASON IN BETWEEN
RABI AND KHARIF
HARVESTED IN SUMMER HARVESTED IN (SEP AND OCT) DURING SUMMER
(APRIL TO JUNE)
IMPORTANT CROPS ARE IMPORTANT CROPS ARE PADDY, BAJRA, CROPS GROWN ARE
WHEAT, BARLEY, PEAS, GRAM, GROUNDNUT,URAD, COTTON,JUTE WATERMELON, MUSKMELON,
MUSTARD CUCUMBER, FODDER CROPS.
GROWN IN NORTH, GROWN IN ASSAM,WESTBENGAL,
NORTHWESTERN PARTS ANDHRAPRADESH,KERALA.
FURTHER AVAILABILITY OF FURTHER PADDY IS AN IMPORTANT CROP
PRECIPITATION IN WINTER OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA. IN ASSAM,
DUE TO WESTERN TEMPERATE ODISSA THESE ARE CALLED AUS, AMAN
CYCLONE ARE SUCCESSFUL. AND BARO.
Rice       
Maize    
Temperature: 15°-27° C
Temperature: 15°-27°C
Rainfall: 100- 150 cm
Rainfall: 65-125 cm
Soil: Heavy-clayey to-clayey-loam    
Soil: Deep-heavy clay to light sandy loam 
Producers: China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh,
Producers: USA, China, Brazil, Mexico, Russia,
Thailand, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Romania, India, and South Africa.
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Leading exporter in the world: USA
Leading exporter in the world: Thailand

Wheat     Millets   
Temperature: 12°-25°C Temperature: 20°-35°C
Rainfall: 25-75 cm Rainfall: 25-75 cm
Soil: well-drained-light clay to heavy clay   Soil: Sandy-loam to clayey loam      
Producers: China, India, USA, Russia, Australia, Producers: China, USA, India, Nigeria, Ukraine,
Canada, Pakistan, France, and Turkey. Thailand, Russia, and Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA Leading exporter in the world: USA
 Agricultural development: Increasing agricultural
production to meet demand

Agricultral Development Food Secy: Condition in which all people of all

times have physical, social and economic access to
active and healthy life.

AD is about use of machines, adoption of scientific

techniques, fertilizers, high yielding seeds. Farming
in large holdings and commercial farming.
 DIGITAL REVOLUTION IN INDIAN AGRICUTLURE

Improvement of farmers’ livelihood 

Value-added innovative services by agri-tech industries

and start-ups

Farmer to realize higher income and better profitability

To enhance efficiencies in the usage of resources including land,

water, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and farm mechanization 

Better planning and execution of policies, programs, and

schemes
Indian Farming Vs USA Farming
Indian Farming vs USA Farming