COMMUNICATION

PROCESSES,
PRINCIPLES,
AND ETHICS
Communication Models
General Principles of Effective
Communication
Ethics of Communication
  Aristotle’s Communication Model
Communication
Models – conceptual  Schramm Communication Model
models used to explain  Lasswell’s Communication Model
the human
communication  Shannon-Weaver Communication Model
process
 Berlo’s Communication Model
 Articulate the principles for effective oral and written communication.

1 2 3 4 5

1. Know 2. Know 3. Know 4. Adjust your 5. Work on

your your your topic. speech or the feedback
writing to the
purpose audience. context of the given you.
situation.
  To inform
 To entertain
Know your
purpose in  To persuade
communicatin
g. What is the dominant reason why
you communicate?
 1 2 3
This will dictate the Age, educational Other salient features
speaking or writing background, of your listeners or
style you are going to profession, culture readers
employ.

Know your audience.

 Know your topic.

To catch attention of
People learn the audience, you
Share something.
something. use communication
techniques.
Adjust your speech or writing
to the context of the situation.
The environment determines the kind of
language you will use.
 Work on the feedback given you.

Constructive
criticisms will prove
Comments from Take kindly to
beneficial to you as
listeners/audience criticisms.
you learn to address
them.
 Principles of effective oral
communication
Be clear with your purpose.

Be complete with the message you deliver.

Be concise.

Be natural with your delivery.

Be specific and timely with your feedback.

Be clear with your purpose.
You should know by heart
your objective in
communicating.

Principles of
effective oral
communication
Be complete with the
message you deliver. Make
sure that your claims are
supported by facts and
essential information.
Be concise. You do not need
to be verbose or wordy with
your statements. Brevity in
speech is a must.
Be natural with your
delivery. Punctuate important
words with the appropriate
gestures and movements.
Exude a certain degree of
confidence even if you do not
feel confident enough.
Be specific and timely with
your feedback. Inputs are
most helpful when provided
on time.
Be clear.

Be concise.

Be concrete.
Principles of
Be correct. effective written
communication
Be coherent. The 7Cs
Be complete.

Be courteous.
Be clear about your
message.
Be clear.
Always be guided by
your purpose in
communicating.
Always stick to the
point and do not beat
or run around the Be
bush. concise.
Be brief by focusing
on your main point.
 Support your claims with enough
facts.

Be
concrete. Your readers will easily know if you
are bluffing or deceiving them
because there is nothing to
substantiate your claims.
 Observe grammatical
correctness.

Be Always have time to revise and

edit your work.
correct.
Simple spelling errors may
easily distract your readers.
 Convey a logical message.

The ideas should be connected to each

Be other and related to the topic.

coherent.
Make sure you observe a sound structure
that will present a smooth flow of your
ideas.

Use transitional or cohesive devices so that

ideas cohere with one another.
 Include all necessary and
relevant information so that
the audience will not be
wanting of any information.
Be
complete. Always place yourself in the
shoes of the audience, who is
always interested to receive
new information.
 The tone of your writing
should be friendly.
 Avoid any overtone/undertone Be
or insinuation to eliminate courteous
confusion and
misinterpretation.
Ethics of
communicatio
n
 1. Establish an effective value
system that will pave the way
for the development of your
integrity as a person. One’s
behavior and decision-
making style affect, in turn,
the operations of an
organization.
  2. Provide complete and accurate
Ethics of information. Whether it is needed or not,
communication the data you provide should always be
contextualized and correct.
  3. Disclose vital information adequately
Ethics of and appropriately. Never conceal or hide
communication information that are necessary for
purposes of transparency.
Code of ethics
 Sets the standards to be observed
by a person or a company that will
create a good reputation or a
positive image not only for an
individual but also for the
organization.
Code of ethics
 It will therefore pave the way for
the attainment of the desired
results leading to the success of an
individual or the entire company.
Code of ethics
 Success in decision-making will
likewise impact the company’s
reputation.
 If you were to put up your own
Task on business, what values would
Communicatio
you incorporate in your
n Ethics
company’s code of ethics?
 1.I can always recognize an ethical issue.
YES NO
2. I can be aware of the different
perspectives of stakeholders on an issue.
Self-assessment YES NO
Rate yourself on 3. I am able to weigh things objectively.
how well you
respond to some YES NO
ethical issues. 4. I can think of alternative courses of
action for a dilemma. YES NO
5. I can formulate policies to avoid the
recurrence of the dilemma. YES
NO