UEE001 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Lecture 04
Source Transformation
Recap

 A current source is represented by an ideal source connected with parallel internal resistance.

 Steps to convert current source in to equiv. voltage source

Step 1: Calculate value of internal voltage source, E = IRsh
Step 2: Series resistance value will be same as of shunt resistance in current source, Rse = Rsh.

+
10 A 10 Ω V
-

2
Star-Delta Transformation
Recap
A A

Ra
Rca Rab

Rc Rb

C B C Rbc B

3
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Continue..
Nodal Analysis

 Nodal analysis is basically a systematic application of Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) to analyse the
electric circuit.
 It provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.
 Choosing node voltages instead of element voltages as circuit variables is convenient and reduces the
number of equations one must solve simultaneously.
 It means, we are interested in finding the node voltages in nodal analysis.

4
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis without voltage source
I2
 Procedure/Steps:
1. Select the reference node
2. Assign voltages v1, v2, …. , vn−1 to the remaining n − 1 nodes.
The voltages are referenced with respect to the reference node. R2

3. Apply KCL to each non-reference node

I1 R1 R3
(to calculate the node voltage)
4. Apply Ohm’s law to express the unknown currents in terms of
node voltages.
5. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to obtain the # Initially, we shall assume that circuit
unknown node voltages. do not contain voltage sources.

5
 Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis without voltage source
2A

2Ω

5A 1Ω 1 Ω
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis without voltage source

Ans: v1 = 230/7 V, v2 = 55/14 V.

7
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis without voltage source

Ans: v1 = 4.8 V, v2 = 2.4 V, v3 = −2.4 V Ans: v1 = 32 V, v2 = −25.6 V, v3 = 62.4 V.

8
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

We now consider how voltage sources affect nodal analysis.

 Case 1: If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a non-reference node
 Case 2: If the voltage source is connected between two non-reference nodes, then it form a supernode.

Case 2
Case 1

9
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

We now consider how voltage sources affect nodal analysis.

 Case 1: If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a non-reference node
 Case 2: If the voltage source is connected between two non-reference nodes, then it form a supernode.

Case 2
Case 1

10
 Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

We now consider how voltage sources affect nodal analysis.

 Case 1: If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a non-reference node
 Case 2: If the voltage source is connected between two non-reference nodes, then it form a supernode.
Simp supern ode 2 &
usin mbining
by c
g
l i fy
o

Case 2
the e concep

Case 2
od
anla
n

ysis

How to define i in
3
t

terms of node voltages

11
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

Ex: Find the node voltages and current through 5-ohm resistor using nodal analysis.

12
 Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

Ans:
v1 = -7.33 V
v2 = -5.33 V

13
 Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

Ans:
v1 = -7.33 V
v2 = -5.33 V

14
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis Ans:
v = - 400 mV
Nodal Analysis with voltage source i = 2.8 A

15
Nodal Analysis & Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis with voltage source

16