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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 It is a broad, comprehensive, in-depth, systematic
and critical review of the most important published
scholarly literature (data based and conceptual
literature) found in print and non print form.

 Review of literature is conducted to generate a

theoretical and scientific knowledge about particular
phenomenon and results in a synthesis of what is
known and not known about that phenomenon.
 PURPOSES
 Source for research Ideas
 Clarifies the research topic
 Verifies significance of a research problem.
 Orientation to what is already known.
 Provision of a conceptual context.
 Information on the research approach.
 Summarizes the current knowledge.
SCOPE OF THE LITERATURE
REVIEW
Literature review depends on:

 Types of information and sources available.

 Approximate depth and breadth of the

review needed.

 Time frame for conducting the review.

 SOURCES
 Theoretical
Concept analysis, models, theory,
frameworks.
 Empirical

Relevant studies( primary and secondary)

Primary sources: written by the original
author
Who is responsible for the ideas published.
Secondary sources: quotes content from the
primary sources.
LOCATING THE RELEVANT
LITERATURE
Manual search
 Using Libraries, Print sources/ print indexes
like ,Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied
literature(CINAHL), the red books,
International Nursing Index, Index Medicus,
Nursing studies index, Hospital literature
index.
Electronic literature
CINAHL, MEDLINE,AIDSLINE,EMBASE,HEALTHSTAR….
World wide web
Google.
 CINAHL
1. Uses major nursing subheadings
2. 7500 Journals are concerned
3. Provide full information:
1. Articles
2. Books
3. Pamphlets
4. Conference reports
5. Thesis etc.
4. Uses subject headings
5. Author abstract from >150 journals
6. Extensive abstracts of
1. Dissertations
2. Software– audio, visuals etc.
MEDLINE DATABASE
 Developed by U S National library of
medicine(NLM)
 Incorporates information from index
medicus, international nursing and other
sources, covers more than 3600 journals.
 Accessed through
pubmed,(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub
med)
WRITING A REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
 Introduction
 Categorize under various headings based on the
variables under study.
 Content includes the database literatures
written in the form of abstract or it could also
be written in a tabular form.
 Remember to paraphrase and summarize in
your own words.

 Summary includes the conclusion based on the

synthesis of all database literature reviewed.
EXAMPLE

 A study to assess the effectiveness of an

intervention on the quality of life of patients
undergoing hemodialysis in a selected
hospital
EXAMPLE
The review of literature is done under the
following headings:-
 
 Literature related to stressors and coping
among dialysis patients.
 Literature related to quality of life
measurement.
 Literature related to effectiveness of
interventions on quality of life.
LITERATURE RELATED TO STRESSORS AND
COPING AMONG DIALYSIS PATIENTS:

 A study was conducted in Australia to determine

the significant stressors and coping methods which are
related to the quality of life in dialysis patients A
survey was conducted on patients in two dialysis
centers in Sydney. The data were analyzed using the
descriptive and inferential statistics. The result
revealed that limitation of physical activity was the
most troublesome stressor followed by a decrease in
social life, uncertainty about future, fatigue and
muscle cramps. Quality of life was perceived as below
average in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
patients.1
LITERATURE RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF
INTERVENTIONS ON QUALITY OF LIFE.

 Another study was done in Denmark to evaluate the effect of

five months physical exercise in hemodialysis patients on
their physical capacity, self rated health and risk factors for
cardiovascular disease. Thirty three hemodialysis patients
were included in the study. The patients were randomly
assigned to exercise group (N = 22) and control group (N =
11). A baseline testing was performed prior to randomization
on aerobic capacity, two minutes stair climbing, squat test;
self rated health, blood pressure and lipids. These tests were
carried out by blinded testers. The intervention consisted of
one hour of physical exercise twice a week for five months.
The exercise group showed significant increase in aerobic
capacity, squat test and physical functions. The study
recommended that this type of interventions should be
implemented in clinical practice. 3
 
HOW TO CONCLUDE……..
 From the above studies it is evident that, patient
undergoing dialysis experience more stress and
decreased quality of life. The quality of life spreads
over a wide area of physical, psychological level of
independence, social and environmental domains.
Many interventions have proved to be effective to
improve the quality of life. Therefore the
assessment in each of these areas would help us to
focus on all these dimensions and to use the best
evidence in nursing care. Assessment of quality of
life thus becomes necessary. Thus it is the need of
the hour to assess it among hemodialysis patients.
  
 DISCARD
IRRELEVANT OR
INAPPROPRIATE
REFERENCES

DEVISE SEARCH
SEARCH FOR, SCREEN ABSTRACT,
FORMULATE & STRATEGY [Eg. READ SOURCE
IDENTIFY, & SOURCES FOR ENCODE
REFINE PRIMARY SELECT MATERIALS
RETRIEVE RELEVANCE, INFORMATION
& SECONDARY DATABASES,
POTENTIAL APPROPRIATEN FROM THE
QUESTIONS IDENTIFY
PRIMARY SOURCE ESS STUDIES
KEYWORDS etc]
MATERIALS

CRITIQUE/
EVALUATE
STUDIES
DOCUMENT
IDENTIFY NEW
SEARCH
REFERENCES,
DECISIONS &
NEW LEADS ANALYZE,
ACTIONS
INTEGRATE
INFORMATION,
SEARCH FOR
THEMES

PREPARE

FLOW OF TASKS IN A
SYNTHESIS/
CRITICAL
SUMMARY

LITERATURE
THANK YOU

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