Functions, Function

Notations, and Equations

LEARNING COMPETENCY
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able
to represent real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions (M11GM-Ia-1).
OBJECTIVES

● Correctly define a function.

● Properly represent a function using function
notation.
● Properly model real-life problems using equations.
Are you familiar with taxes? You might
wonder how the Value Added Tax
(VAT) affects your electric and water
bills someday. You might also worry
that this value varies every month.
You have to keep in mind that the tax
charged to consumers, like your
household, is a function of the amount
of consumption in a particular month.

In this lesson, you will learn about

functions and how it is applied in real
life situations.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
● What is a function?

● How will you represent functions?

● How will you determine whether a given equation is a

function?
Function
It is a special kind of relation in which no two distinct ordered
pairs have the same first element.

In an equation in two variables, and , the variable may be

expressed as if every value of corresponds to a single value
of .
Independent and Dependent Variables

The value that a function takes in is called the input or the

independent variable while the corresponding value that it
produces is the output or the dependent variable.
Independent and Dependent Variables

Example:
Assume that you are in a grocery store. Each grocery item has
its own corresponding price.

This is an example of a function wherein the independent

variable is the grocery item while the dependent variable is
its price.
Ways of Writing Functions
Example: There are different ways of writing .
Function Notation Description
is written as a function of , or
The arrow is read as “is mapped to.”
The colon symbol () is read as “such that.”
The function is written as a set.
Piecewise Function
It is a function composed of two or more expressions for
the different parts of the domain.
Piecewise Function

Example:
Example 1: Consider an electric fan as a function machine.
What do you think is the input, the function, and
the output?
Example 1: Consider an electric fan as a function machine.
What you do you think is the input, the function,
and the output?
Answer:
Pressing any button on the electric fan (assuming it is
plugged into a power source) will cause the fan blade to spin.
Example 1: Consider an electric fan as a function machine.
What you do you think is the input, the function,
and the output?
Answer:
Hence, the buttons are the input, the spinning of the fan
blade is the function, and the wind it gives off is the output.
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.

Solution:
The -values are the input. The -values are the output.
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.

Solution:
Notice that if the value of is , the value of is . If is , is , and
so on.
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.

Solution:
By observing the pattern, note that each input is doubled
after “going through” the function.
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.

Solution:
Hence, the function is .
Individual Practice:

1. Consider a water dispenser as a function machine. What is

the input, the function, and the output?
Individual Practice:

2. Consider the table of values below. Determine the input,

the function, and the output.
Group Practice: To be done by two to five groups

In a university, grades in a Mathematics subject are

converted in a 0.0 to 4.0 scale, with 4.0 being the highest and
0.0 being the lowest. The conversion is given in the table on
the next slide. Write a function describing the conversion.
Use 𝐸(𝑥) to represent the equivalent grade as a function of
the raw grade 𝑥.
Group Practice: To be done by two to five groups
Equivalent
Raw Grade
Grade
● A function is a special kind of relation in which no two
distinct ordered pairs have the same first element.

● The value that a function takes in is called the input or

the independent variable while the corresponding value
that it produces is the output or the dependent variable.
● There are several ways on how to write a function, shown
below:
Function Notation Description
is written as a function of , or
The arrow is read as “is mapped to.”
The colon symbol () is read as “such that.”
The function is written as a set.
● A piecewise function is a function composed of two or
more expressions for the different parts of the domain.
REFERENCES

Lumen. "Introduction to Function." Accessed January 27, 2019.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/introduction-to-functions/

NCTM. "Magic Numbers." Accessed January 27, 2019.

http://figurethis.nctm.org/challenges/c60/challenge.htm