1

2
 SEQUENCE
Introduction
primary flight controls
Aileron control system
Purpose of aileron
system components
System schematic diagram
Aileron boost packages
Follow up mechanism
questions and answers

3
 INTRODUCTION

The primary flight control systems consist of

ailerons, rudder, elevators, and the
associated components of each. They are
utilized for maintaining attitude and directional
control of the aircraft.

4
 PURPOSE

Ailerons execute rolling movement to the

aircraft.

All metal construction

5
 LOCATION

AILERON AT TRAILING EDGE FROM

OUTER WING TO WING TIP

6
 AILERONS

ATTACHMENT
ATTACHED BY 07 HINGE POINTS AND 05
COUNTER BALANCE WEIGHTS.

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8
 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

CONTROL
COLUMNS
Two control columns are located in Flight
deck in front of pilot and co-pilot which are
used to transmit mechanical in put from the
Flight deck up to the control boost package.

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CONTROLS COULMN

10
 CONTROL BOOST SWITCHES PANEL

To control the input of the

hydraulic to wards the boost packages
The panel is located in front of co-pilot
and it has certain switches and lights,
switches are used to isolate the boost
package and lights are used to show
the position of the switches.
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 COCKPIT CONTROLS
BOOSTER CONTROL SWITCHES

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 BOOST HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

SOLENOID SHUTOFF VALVES

02 SSV INSTALLED IN EACH BOOST UNIT

PRESSURE LINE CONTROLLED BY A
SEPARATE SWITCH IN THE FLT DECK RT SIDE
OF STARTING CONTROL PANEL. THESE ARE
SPRING LOADED OPEN ON POWER LOSS.

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 REDUCER VALVES

Pressure to the ailerons is reduced to 2,050

PSI at all times, a 2,300 PSI pressure relief valve
is used as a backup in the event of pressure
reducer failure. This reduced pressure still
provides complete aileron control but makes it
more difficult to execute a rapid back angle, there
by reducing the wing stress loads.
•
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 RELIEF VALVES

Relief valves are used as a backup in

the event of pressure reducer failure.
It releases extra pressure and
maintains 23, 00 PSI to ward the
system

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 FILTERS

• Two disposable element type pressure line

filters, one for booster system pressure and one
for utility system pressure. The filters are rated at
10 microns and have a 40 PSID bypass feature.
Should inlet pressure become 40 PSI greater than
outlet pressure, the filters bypass relief valve
would open and fluid would bypass the filter
element. Filter assemblies are readily accessible
for maintenance purposes.

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 HINGE POINTS AND WEIGHTS

• Ailerons are attached to the rear

wing beam at seven hinge points,
and five counter balance weight are
attached to the forward portion of
each ailerons for aerodynamic
balance.

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 AILERON BOOST PACKAGES

• this is not practical in continuous

operation because of the physical effort required to
move the Aileron and hold it in position against the
force of the air stream. For this reason, a hydraulic
boost system supplies the force necessary to move
the Aileron and hold it in any desired position within
the limits of its travel. The Aileron boost unit is
mounted to the center of the rear wing beam inside
the cargo compartment. A double set of cables
attach to the boost unit and run forward and
connect to a tension regulator beneath the flight
station floor under the copilot’s position
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REPLENISHING CHECK VALVES

They are used to allow the pilot to move

the control surfaces manually (without benefit
of hydraulic pressure). In this case pilot effort
is transmitted through the mechanical linkage
at the boost unit directly to the control
surfaces. These check valves permit fluid to
flow from one side of the piston to the other
side of the piston, preventing cavitations.

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 FOLLOW UP MECHANISM

• . The purpose of the follow up feature

of the rudder system is to centre the
control valve when the rudder has
moved the distance selected. The
follow up feature of the rudder is
similar in operation that of elevator.

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22
ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM

23
 SEQUENCE

purpose of elevator
location of elevator
system components
system schematic diagram
elevator boost packages
follow up mechanism
questions and answers

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 PURPOSE

ELEVATORS EXECUTE PITCHING

MOVEMENT TO THE AIRCRAFT.

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 LOCATION

ATTACHMENT BY 10 HINGE POINTS

AND04 COUNTER BALANCE
WEIGHT

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27
 System Components

Control Column.
Two control columns are located in flight
deck in front of pilot and co-pilot which
are used to transmit mechanical in put
from the flight deck up to the control
boost package

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CONTROLS

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CONTROL BOOST SWITCHES PANEL

To control the input of the hydraulic

towards the boost packages the panel is
located in front of co-pilot in at has cretin
switches and lights, switches are used to
isolate the boost package and light are
used to show the position of the switches.

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 COCKPIT CONTROLS
BOOSTER CONTROL SWITCHES

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 SHUTOFF VALVES

• A solenoid type shutoff valve is

installed in each pressure line near
the boost unit. Each valve is
controlled by a separator switch
located on control boost panel in the
flight deck..

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 PRESSURE LINE FILTERS

02 PRESS LINE FILTERS IN EACH

BOOST UNIT . EACH RATED AT 10
MICRONS.

BY PASS FEATURE OF 40 PSID.

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 HINGE POINTS AND WEIGHTS

• Elevators are attached to the rear wing

beam by ten hinge points; five on each
elevator section and four counter
balances are used, two for each elevator.
The outboard weights are external and can
be seen from the out side of the airplane.
The inboard weights are enclosed in the
empennage fairing.
•
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 AILERON BOOST PACKAGES

• This is not practical in continuous

operation because of the physical effort required
to move the Aileron and hold it in position
against the force of the air stream. For this
reason, a hydraulic boost system supplies the
force necessary to move the Aileron and hold it
in any desired position within the limits of its
travel. The Aileron boost unit is mounted to the
center of the rear wing beam inside the cargo
compartment. A double set of cables attach to
the boost unit and run forward and connect to a
tension regulator beneath the flight station floor
under the copilot’s position
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REPLENISHING CHECK VALVES

They are used to allow the pilot to move

the control surfaces manually (without benefit
of hydraulic pressure). In this case pilot effort
is transmitted through the mechanical linkage
at the boost unit directly to the control
surfaces. These check valves permit fluid to
flow from one side of the piston to the other
side of the piston, preventing cavitations.

36
 FOLLOW UP MECHANISM

• . The purpose of the follow up feature

of the rudder system is to centre the
control valve when the rudder has
moved the distance selected. The
follow up feature of the rudder is
similar in operation that of elevator.

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• RUDDER CONTROL SYSTEM

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 SEQUENCE

Introduction
Purpose of elevator
Location of elevator
System components
System schematic diagram
Elevator boost packages
Follow up mechanism
Questions and answers
41
 INTRODUCTION

It is a part of tail fin and is used

for yawing (rotation about normal
axis). If rudder moves left, the aircraft
turns left. If rudder moves right the
aircraft turns right. It controls by
cables from the rudder pedals in the
flight station.

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 PURPOSE

IT EXECUTE YAWING MOVEMENT TO THE

AIRCRAFT.

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 ATTACHMENT

ATTACHED BY 04 HINGE POINTS AND

02 COUNTER BALANCE WEIGHTS

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 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Rudder control pedal

The rudder control surface is operated by
movement of the pilot or co-pilot’s rudder
pedals. These pedals are mechanically
connected to move as opposites, one
pedal moving aft as other moves forward.
It is possible to operate the rudder directly
by force applied to the rudder pedals.
•

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CONTROL BOOST SWITCHES PANEL

To control the input of the hydraulic

towards the boost packages the panel is
located in front of co-pilot in at has cretin
switches and lights, switches are used to
isolate the boost package and light are
used to show the position of the switches.

47
 COCKPIT CONTROLS
BOOSTER CONTROL SWITCHES

48
 SHUTOFF VALVES

• A solenoid type shutoff valve is

installed in each pressure line near
the boost unit. Each valve is
controlled by a separator switch
located on control boost panel in the
flight deck..

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 DIVERTER VALVE &
REDUCER VALVE

02 DIVERTER VALVES & 2 REDUCER VALVES

PROVIDED FOR RUDDER SYSTEM. CONTROL
THROUGH FLAP LEVER.
REDUCE PRESS (0 - 15%) ---1300 PSI
FULL PRESS (15 - 100%) ---- 3000 PSI
PRESS RELIEF VALVE ----1600 PSI

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 REPLENISHING CHECK VALVES

They are used to allow the pilot to move the

control surfaces manually (without benefit
of hydraulic pressure). In this case pilot
effort is transmitted through the
mechanical linkage at the boost unit
directly to the control surfaces. These
check valves permit fluid to flow from one
side of the piston to the other side of the
piston, preventing cavitations.

51
 FILTERS

Two disposable element type pressure line filters,

one for booster system pressure and one for
utility system pressure. The filters are rated at 10
microns and have a 40 PSID bypass feature.
Should inlet pressure become 40 PSI greater than
outlet pressure, the filters bypass relief valve
would open and fluid would bypass the filter
element. Filter assemblies are readily accessible
for maintenance purposes.

52
 HINGE POINTS AND WEIGHTS

• Rudder Is attached to the rear

vertical beam at four hinge points,
and two counter balance weight are
attached to the upper portion of
rudder for aerodynamic balance.

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 PRESSURE TRANSMITTER

• Pressure Transmitter A pressure

transmitter for each system, utility
and booster transmits pressure
readings to two pressure indicators
on the hydraulic control panel.
Pressure reducers, shutoff valves,
relief valves, and diverter valves for
the rudder boost unit are located on
panels near the boost unit
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REPLENISHING CHECK VALVES

They are used to allow the pilot to move

the control surfaces manually (without benefit
of hydraulic pressure). In this case pilot effort
is transmitted through the mechanical linkage
at the boost unit directly to the control
surfaces. These check valves permit fluid to
flow from one side of the piston to the other
side of the piston, preventing cavitations.

55
 FOLLOW UP MECHANISM

• . The purpose of the follow up feature

of the rudder system is to centre the
control valve when the rudder has
moved the distance selected. The
follow up feature of the rudder is
similar in operation that of elevator.

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57
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

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PEDAL ADJUSTMENT KNOB

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TORQUE TUBES/BOB WT

TORQUE TUBE

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TENSION REGULATOR

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CONTROL CABLES

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PUSH PULL ROD/BELLCRANK/
IDLER BELLCRANK

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