P L A N N I N G S L I D E 2 . 1 .

2 R E L AT I V E M A S S

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 TITLE: RELATIVE MASS FRIDAY, SEPTE
MBER 8, 2023

Starter:
Complete the
past paper exam
questions:
 TITLE: RELATIVE MASS FRIDAY, SEPTE
MBER 8, 2023

Starter
Review:
Complete the
past paper exam
questions:
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Today we are learning about relative mass

This is building upon our knowledge of the structure of isotopes

This is so we can understand why the atomic mass of most

elements is not a whole number
Chapter 2.2
Relative Mass

Lesson objective:
 To be able to demonstrate knowledge, understanding and application of:
 Relative isotopic mass and relative atomic mass
 Mass spectrometry

Lesson 1
Transition Task Lesson 2
Atomic Structure Lesson 3 Formulae Lesson 4 Equations
History of the atom Relative Mass
and Isotopes
CONTEXT: MASS SPECTROMETER
CONTEXT: MASS SPECTROMETER
 NEW KNOWLEDGE: HOW IS RELATIVE ISOTOPIC MASS DETERMINED?

The mass of any atom is relative to the mass of the carbon-12 isotope, which has a mass of 12
atomic mass units (12u)
 NEW KNOWLEDGE: HOW IS RELATIVE ISOTOPIC MASS DETERMINED?

The mass of any atom is relative to the mass of the carbon-12 isotope, which has a mass of 12
atomic mass units (12u)

Hydrogen has a mass one twelfth of carbon, so it is 1u

H C O

1 : 12 : 16
1u is approximately the mass of a proton or neutron

Relative isotopic mass:

Mass of an isotope of an atom compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
 NEW KNOWLEDGE: RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

Relative atomic mass:

The weighted mean mass of an atom relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom
of carbon 12
 NEW KNOWLEDGE: DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

1. A sample is placed in the mass spectrometer

2. The sample is vapourised and then ionised to form positive ions
3. The ions are accelerated – heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ions,
so the ions of each isotope are separated
4. The ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a mass to charge ration m/z
5. Each ion reaching the detector adds to the signal so the greater the abundance, the larger the signal
NEW KNOWLEDGE: DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
NEW KNOWLEDGE: DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
GUIDED PRACTICE: CALCULATING AVERAGE RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
 CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Europium, atomic number 63, is used in some television screens to highlight colours.
A chemist analysed a sample of europium using mass spectrometry. The results are
shown in the table below. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the europium sample.
Give your answer to two decimal places.
CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING
 NEW KNOWLEDGE: RELATIVE MOLECULAR AND FORMULA MASSES

• The relative molecular mass of molecules is found by adding together the

relative atomic masses of each atom in the molecule (found on the periodic table).
e.g. Mr (Cl2) = 35.5 x 2 = 71.0
•
• Many compounds do not exist as molecules (e.g. NaCl) so they are said to have a
relative formula mass – this is calculated in the same way.
e.g. relative formula mass of CaBr2 = 40.1 + (79.9 x 2) = 199.9
 NEW KNOWLEDGE: DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

The percentage abundance of isotopes in a sample is found experimentally using

a mass spectrometer.

The Mass Spectrometer sorts ions according to their mass/charge ratio.

If the charge is +1 on all of the ions then they will be sorted according to their
mass.
 MODELLING: DETECTOR CURRENTS

Isotope Detector Current (Arbitrary Relative Abundance %

units)
204 0.16 = 0.16 / 11.3 x 100% = 1.4
206 2.72 = 2.72 / 11.3 x 100% = 24.1
207 2.50 = 2.5 / 11.3 x 100% = 22.1
208 5.92 = 5.92 /11.3 x 100% = 52.4
Total Current 11.30 = 1.4 + 24.1 + 22.1 + 52.4 = 100.0

You can now calculate the relative atomic mass for Lead now that you know the relative abundance

( 204 x 1.4% /100% ) + ( 206 x 24.1% /100% ) + ( 207 x 22.1% /100% ) + ( 208 x 52.4% /100% )

= 207.2
 C H E C K I N G F O R U N D E R S TA N D I N G

Isotope Detector Current Relative Abundance (%) Relative Mass (g/mol)

(Arbitrary units) 6.83 / 33.33 x 100% = 20.49 70 x 20.49% /100% = 14.34
70 6.83 27.39 19.72
72 9.13 7.80 5.69
73 2.6 36.51 27.02
74 12.17 7.80 5.93
76 2.6 99.99 72.7
Total 33.33
PAST EXAM QUESTION
 HOMEWORK

Finish and mark 2.2 summary questions

Read 5.1 to work out the difference between a shell, sub shell and an atomic
orbital
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Today we are learning about relative mass

This is building upon our knowledge of the structure of isotopes

This is so we can understand why the atomic mass of most

elements is not a whole number