Pakistan Studies

HUM 111

By Sana Dar
Review of Previous
Lectures
• Importance of History & Pakistan Studies
• Historical Foundations of Indo Pak Subcontinent
• Mughal Empire 1526-1857
• Reasons for Downfall of Mughal Empire
• War of Independence 1857
• Ideology of Pakistan
• Reasons for the formation of All India Muslim
League 1906
• Efforts for a Constitution in India 1916-1935
• Congress Ministries 1937-1939
Making of Pakistan
1940-1947
 ERA OF RAPID CHANGE
• Pakistan Resolution

• August Offer

• Cripps Mission

• Quit India Movement

• Jinnah Gandhi Talks

• Simla Conference

• General Elections

• Delhi Convention

• Cabinet Mission

• 3rd June Plan

• Two Nation Theory

• The Constituent Assembly

• Establishment of Pakistan
 Pakistan Resolution

• 23rd March 1940

• Annual Session of All India Muslim League

• Resolution presented by Maulvi Fazlul Haq

• Unanimously adopted by all participants

Quaid-i-Azam in his historic address said:

“By all means Muslims are one Nation and they

need a separate homeland where they could live
their spiritual, cultural, economical, social and
political lives independently”
 August Offer

 WWII 1939-1945

 Offered by British Viceroy Lord Linlithgow

 Set up of constituent Assembly after war

 No future Constitution without the consent of minorities

 Both Muslim League & Congress rejected

 Cripps Mission

 Sir Stafford Cripps

 1942

 Dominion status

 Full Indian support in WWII

 Rejected by Congress and Muslim league

Gandhi Characterized the offer as:

“A post dated cheque on a failing bank”

Jinnah said:

“Muslims would become a minority in the

majority provinces as well”
 Quit India Movement

 1942

 Launched by Gandhi

 Violent demonstrations

 Muslim League slogan: Divide & Quit India

 Gandhi Jinnah Talks
• People’s desire to reduce differences

• Letter by Gandhi

• 1944 Bombay

• The wall between Gandhi Jinnah talks was Two

Nation Theory
 Simla Conference
1945

Lord Wavel & Political Leaders of India

Deadlock
 Wavell Plan

 1945

 Constitutional Reforms in India

 Equalrepresentation of Hindus & Muslims in Executive

Council

 Elections in winter 1945

 Self Government
 General Elections
 1945 General Elections

 Muslim League (ML) won all 30 reserved seats of Muslims

 Congress won 80% of the seats

 1946 Provincial Elections

 ML WON 95 %

 Congress won all non Muslim seats

Quaid said:

“I have no doubt in the achievement of

Pakistan. The Muslims of India told the world
what they want. No power of world can topple
the opinion of 10 crore Muslims of India.”
 Cabinet Mission
3 Prominent British leaders

 Constitutional structure for British India

 1946

 Demand of Pakistan became integral part of

discussion
Interim Government
 Creation of Pakistan

 14th August 1947

 Power Transfer Ceremony in Karachi
 Flag of Pakistan was approved
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah was entitled “Quaid-e-Azam”
 Liaqat Ali Khan 1st Prime Minister
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1st Governor General
Quaid said:

“Pakistan not only means freedom and

independence but the Muslim Ideology which
has to be preserved, which has come to us as a
precious gift and treasure and which, we hope
other will share with us.”
Never forget our motto "Unity, Discipline and
Faith“

Speech from Radio Pakistan,Lahore,30 October, 1947