+

William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
+ Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture
Computer Organization
• Attributes of a system visible to the • Instruction set, number of
programmer bits used to represent
• Have a direct impact on the logical various data types, I/O
execution of a program mechanisms, techniques for
addressing memory

Architectural
Computer attributes
Architecture include:

Organizational
Computer
attributes
Organization
include:

• Hardware details transparent to the • The operational units and

programmer, control signals, interfaces their interconnections that
between the computer and peripherals, realize the architectural
memory technology used specifications
+ IBM System
370 Architecture
 IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon
original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same
architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe
product line
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Structure and Function

 Hierarchical system
 Structure
 Set of interrelated subsystems
 The way in which components
 Hierarchical nature of complex relate to each other
systems is essential to both their
 Function
design and their description
 The operation of individual
 Designer need only deal with a components as part of the
particular level of the system at a structure
time
 Concerned with structure and
function at each level
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Function

 A computer can perform four

basic functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
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Operations

(a)
Data movement
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Operations

(b)
Data storage
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Operations

(c)
Data processing (1)
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Operations

(d)
Data processing (2)
 The
Computer
Structure
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- CPU – controls the operation of the
computer and performs its data
There are four processing functions
main structural
components - Main Memory – stores data
of the computer: - I/O – moves data between the
computer and its external
environment

- System Interconnection – some

mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main
memory, and I/O
+  Control Unit
CPU  Controls the operation of the CPU and
hence the computer
Major structural
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:  Performs the computer’s data processing
function

 Registers
 Provide storage internal to the CPU

 CPU Interconnection
 Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit,
ALU, and registers
+ Summary
Introduction

Chapter 1
 Computer Organization
 Structure
 CPU
 Computer Architecture  Main memory
 Function
 I/O
 Data processing
 System interconnection
 Data storage  CPU structural components
 Data movement  Control unit
 Control  ALU
 Registers
 CPU interconnection
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Key Terms

Chapter 1

 arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)  main memory

 central processing unit (CPU)  processor

 computer architecture  registers

 computer organization  system bus

 control unit

 input–output (I/O)
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Recommended reading

Chapter 1
 How a CPU Works - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNN_tTXABUA

 Fujitsu TS Mainboard Production Augsburg HD -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylk6VMBLrvM