PILE STRENGTH REPORT

April, 2020
PILE STRENGTH REPORT

Purpose of this Report is to:

1. General requirement for Spun pile in TCVN.
2. Determine main Pile strength parameter need to be confirmed.
3. Pile strength in comparison among standards and suppliers.
4. Check & Clarify the cracking moment calculation from suppli-
ers.

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPUN PILE

2. PHC PILE COMPARISON AMONG STANDARDS AND SUPPLIERS

3. APPENDIX – CRACKING MOMENT CHECKING

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPUN PILE

 General information about Spun Pile (refer to TCVN 7888:2014)

 Symbol of Pile:
Pile Name – Pile Type & Diameter – Pile Length – Applicable Standard
PHC – A500 – 12 – TCVN 7888:2014

 Concrete strength requirement:

o PC Pile (Pretensioned spun Concrete Pile): f’c ≥ 60 MPa
o PHC & NPH Pile (Pretensioned High strength spun Concrete Pile): f’c ≥ 80 MPa

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPUN PILE
 Pile thickness: Refer to Table 1 – TCVN 7888:2014, but can be changed by Supplier to en-
sure Pile Strength

 Deviation dimension:
o Pile length : ±0.3%L
o Pile thickness : - 0%
o Outside Diameter:
 300 ≤ D < 700: +5mm; -2mm
 700 ≤ D ≤ 1200: +7mm; -4mm
o Deflection
 L ≤ 15m : L/1000
 L ≤ 30m : L/2000

 Concrete cover:
o D ≤ 400 : 20mm
o D ≤ 500 : 25mm
o D > 500 : 35mm

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPUN PILE
 Pile thickness: Refer to Table 1 – TCVN 7888:2014, but can be changed by Supplier to en-
sure Pile Strength

 Pile Durability:
o Cracking moment: ≥ [Mcr]
o Breaking moment:
 Type A : ≥ 1.5 [Mcr]
 Type AB : ≥ 1.65 [Mcr]
 Type B : ≥ 1.8 [Mcr]
 Type C : ≥ 2.0 [Mcr]
Notes: [Mcr] is refered from Table 1 – TCVN 7888:2014

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
2. PHC PILE COMPARISON AMONG STANDARDS AND SUPPLIERS

SUPPLIERS VGSI PHAN VU SINO FECON AJU

STANDARDS TCVN – ACI – BSEN TCVN TCVN BS-EN JIS

 For comparison, we compare PHC D400A & PHC 500A among standards (TCVN, ACI,
EC2, BS-EN, JIS) and among VGSI & 4 other suppliers (PHAN VU, SINO, FECON, AJU):

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
2. PHC PILE COMPARISON AMONG STANDARDS AND SUPPLIERS

PHC – A400

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
PILE TYPE - PHC 400A
No VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO
Description Unit BS-EN
TCVN ACI (BS 8110) JIS 5373 TCVN TCVN
(EC2)
  Shell thickness mm 65 65 65 65 65 70 85
A Reinforcement                
A.1 Quantity Nos. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
A.2 Diameter of prestressed bar mm 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
A.3 Tensile strength Mpa 1420 1420 1420 1450 1450 1420 1420
A.4 Yield strength Mpa 1275 1275 1275 1275 1300 1275 1275
994
A.6 Initial prestress Mpa (0.7fpu) 994 994 1015 1015 994 994

B Axial Load Capacity                

B.1 Long term (Allowable) kN 1477 1713 1379 1559 1040 1573 1835
B.2 Short term kN 2955  
2757   3265 3146 3670
B.3 Ultimate Load (Pmax) kN 2364 2351 2206 2370   2516.8 2526
                   
Cracking, Breaking Moment
C              
& Shear Strength
C.1 Cracking Moment kNm 68.8 68.8 54.2 57.3 68.6 67.3 69.5
C.2 Breaking Moment kNm 111.1 120.3 117.3 78.0 106.0 81.8 104.3
C.3 Shear Strength (V) kN 174.0 152.0 185  - - 169.3  -

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
PILE TYPE - PHC 400A
No VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO
Description Unit BS-EN
TCVN ACI (BS 8110) JIS 5373 TCVN TCVN
(EC2)
B Axial Load Capacity                
B.1 Long term (Allowable) kN 1477 1713 1379 1559 1040 1573 1835
B.2 Short term kN 2955  
2757   3265 3146 3670
B.3 Ultimate Load (Pmax) kN 2364 2351 2206 2370   2516.8 2526
                   
C Cracking, Breaking Moment              
& Shear Strength
C.1 Cracking Moment kNm 68.8 68.8 54.2 57.3 68.6 67.3 69.5
C.2 Breaking Moment kNm 112.7 120.3 117.3 78.0 106.0 81.8 104.3
C.3 Shear Strength (V) kN 174.0 152.0 185  - - 169.3  -

 To compare Pile strength among Standards (within VGSI calculation):

 Long term Pile Strength : BS-EN < TCVN < ACI
 Construction Load (Pmax) : BS-EN < ACI ~ TCVN
 Cracking Moment : TCVN < ACI < BS-EN
 Breaking Moment : TCVN < BS-EN < ACI
 To compare Pile strength among Suppliers:
 Long term Pile Strength : AJU < FECON < Phan Vu < VGSI < SINO
 Construction Load (Pmax) : VGSI < FECON < PHAN VU < SINO (AJU not mentioned Pmax)
 Cracking Moment : FECON < PHAN VU < AJU < VGSI < SINO
 Breaking Moment : FECON < PHAN VU < SINO < AJU < VGSI
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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
2. PHC PILE COMPARISON AMONG STANDARDS AND SUPPLIERS

PHC – A500

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
PILE TYPE - PHC 500A
No VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO
Description Unit BS-EN
TCVN ACI (BS 8110) JIS 5373 TCVN TCVN
(EC2)
  Shell thickness mm 80 80 80 80 80 80 110
A Reinforcement  
As (mm2)  
560  
560  
560  
640  
576  
560  
640
A.1 Quantity Nos. 14 14 14 10 9 14 10
A.2 Diameter of prestressed wire mm 7.1 7.1 7.1 9 9 7.1 9
A.3 Tensile strength Mpa 1420 1420 1420 1450 1450 1420 1420
A.4 Yield strength Mpa 1275 1275 1275 1275 1300 1275 1275
A.6 Initial prestress Mpa 994 (0.7fpu) 994 994 1015 1015 994 994
B Axial Load Capacity                
B.1 Long term (Allowable) kN 2292 2655 2143 2401 2200 2292 2940
B.2 Short term kN 4584 -  4286   6840 4585 5880
B.3 Ultimate Load (Pmax) kN 3667 3635 3429 3650   3668 4234
C Cracking, Breaking Moment              
& Shear Strength
C.1 Cracking Moment kNm 128.9 128.9 96.2 113.5 125 123.9 137.6
C.2 Breaking Moment kNm 204.5 217 212.5 156.7 184 143.9 206.5
C.3 Shear Strength (V) kN 267 233 278     242.2  

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
PILE TYPE - PHC 500A
No VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO
Description Unit BS-EN
TCVN ACI (BS 8110) JIS 5373 TCVN TCVN
(EC2)
B Axial Load Capacity  
As (mm2)  
560  
560  
560  
640  
576  
560  
640
B.1 Long term (Allowable) kN 2292 2655 2143 2401 2200 2292 2940
B.2 Short term kN 4584  
4286   6840 4585 5880
B.3 Ultimate Load (Pmax) kN 3667 3635 3429 3650   3668 4234
Cracking, Breaking Moment
C              
& Shear Strength
C.1 Cracking Moment kNm 128.9 128.9 96.2 113.5 125 123.9 137.6
C.2 Breaking Moment kNm 204.5 217 212.5 156.7 184 143.9 206.5
C.3 Shear Strength (V) kN 267 233 278     242.2  

It is smaller than requirement

value in TCVN 7888:2024,
Mcr = 103.0 kNm
 To compare Pile strength among Suppliers:
 Long term Pile Strength : AJU < PHAN VU < FECON < VGSI < SINO
 Construction Load (Pmax) : VGSI < FECON < PHAN VU < SINO (AJU not mentioned Pmax)
 Cracking Moment : FECON < PHAN VU < AJU < VGSI < SINO
 Breaking Moment : FECON < PHAN VU < SINO < AJU < VGSI

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
3. APPENDIX – EXPLAIN FOR CRACKING MOMENT CHECKING
CRACKING MOMENT: Mcrc = (sbt + sce)Ze
Where:
sbt : Flexural strength of concrete (MPa)
sce : Effective stress of concrete (MPa)
Ze : Moment of Sectional Area (mm3)

PHC VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO

A400 (ACI) (BSEN) (JIS) (TCVN) (TCVN)

sbt 8.4 MPa 6.1 Mpa 4.0 Mpa 8.0 Mpa 8.0 Mpa
27.4% 52.4% 4.8% 4.8%

sce 5.0 MPa 4.8 Mpa 5.0 Mpa 4.6 MPa 4.1 Mpa
4.0% 0.0% 8.0% 18.0%
Ze 4,978,833 5,262,000 5,119,000 5,288,291 5,735,737
mm3 -5.7% -2.8% -6.2% -15.2%

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
3. APPENDIX – CRACKING MOMENT CHECKING
CRACKING MOMENT: Mcrc = (sbt + sce)Ze
Where:
sbt : Flexural strength of concrete (MPa)
sce : Effective stress of concrete (MPa)
Ze : Moment of Sectional Area (mm3)

PHC VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO

A400 (ACI) (BSEN) (JIS) (TCVN) (TCVN)

sbt sbt = 0.94*sqrt(f’c) sbt = 0.45*sqrt(f’c) + 1.7 - 10%*f’c 10%*f’c

8.4 MPa 6.1 MPa 4.0 MPa 8.0 MPa 8.0 MPa

ACI 363R-10 Clause 6.5, EQ 6.10 Not mentioned Equation

ACI 318-19: sbt = 0.62*sqrt(f’c)?!

Experience value
4.3.4.3 Part 1, BS8110-1997 Not mentioned in standards

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
3. APPENDIX – CRACKING MOMENT CHECKING
CRACKING MOMENT: Mcrc = (sbt + sce)Ze
PHC VGSI
A400 (ACI)
sbt sbt = 0.94*sqrt(f’c)
8.4 MPa

ACI 363R-10 Clause 6.5, EQ 6.10

ACI 318-19  Almost underestimate and not follow trend of data

ACI 363R-10 Reasonable and better to use

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 PILE STRENGTH REPORT
3. APPENDIX – CRACKING MOMENT CHECKING
CRACKING MOMENT: Mcrc = (sbt + sce)Ze
Where:
sbt : Flexural strength of concrete (MPa) Incorrect value in
sce : Effective stress of concrete (MPa) Calculation sheet
Ze : Moment of Sectional Area (mm3)
PHC VGSI FECON AJU PHAN VU SINO
A400 (ACI) (BSEN) (JIS) (TCVN) (TCVN)
Ze 4,978,833 5,262,000 5,119,000 5,288,291 5,735,737
(m3) 5,152,000

Comment Not consider Rebar OK OK Thicker Wall Thicker Wall

(later part of Eq.) (70mm > 65mm) (85mm > 65mm)

Supplement this part in the

Calculation of Inertial Moment (Ie):
 Ze = 5,118,110 mm3  OK

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
3. APPENDIX – CRACKING MOMENT CHECKING
CRACKING MOMENT: Mcrc = (sbt + sce)Ze

Sym. Name Comments Result

sbt Effective stress No 8.4 Mpa

of concrete
sce Effective stress No 5.0 Mpa
of concrete
Ze Moment of Sec- Revise Inertial 5,118,110 mm3
tional Area moment (Ie)
Mcrc 68.8 kNm

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PILE STRENGTH REPORT
4. CONCLUSION

1. Calculation sheet of VGSI should be revised Inertial moment mentioned in previous slide.

2. It is reasonable to apply standards mentioned in this report (TCVN, JIS, BS-EN, ACI) for calculat-
ing Pile Strength.

3. To calculate cracking moment following TCVN, VGSI refered to ACI 363R-10 to determine tensile
strength of concrete Suppliers using TCVN (Phan Vu & Sino) and JIS (Aju) do not mention how
to determine tensile strength of concrete.

4. Suppliers applying TCVN (Phan Vu & Sino) design the thicker wall in comparison to others.

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