Section 3 The Arteries

The Cardiovascular Circuits

1) The systemic (greater) circulation

The direction of blood flow :
arterial blood
the left ventricle → the aorta → branches of
venous blood
arteries → the capillaries of whole body →
tributaries of veins → the superior and inferior
venae cavae → the right atrium
2) The pulmonary (lesser) circulation
The flow of blood of direction:
venous blood
the right ventricle → the pulmonary trunk →
the branches of the pulmonary arteries → the
arterial blood
pulmonary capillaries → the pulmonary veins →
the left atrium
1. The arterial anastomoses

vein
artery
arterial arch the arterial
network
the arteriovenous anastomoses
the collateral circulation

Trunk of artery
Collateral
vessels

the collateral circulation

2. The arterial distrbution

Parietal branch

Visceral branch
Ⅰ. The Arteries of Pulmonary Circulation
The pulmonary trunk
Arterial
The left pulmonary ligament left
pulmonary
arteries connected to the artery
concavity of the aortic
pulmonary
arch by a fibrous cord, the trunk
arterial ligament , which
is found as the ductus
arteriosus in the fetus.
Ⅱ . The Arteries of Systemic Circulation

ascending aortic arch

1)The aorta aorta

(1)the ascending aorta

(2)the aortic arch
descending
(3)the descending aorta aorta
(1) the ascending aorta
ascending aorta

aortic arch

right coronary a. left coronary a.

(2) the aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk

Three branches left common

carotid artery
From right to
left, they are the left subclavian
artery
brachiocephalic aortic arch
trunk, the left
common carotid
artery and the
left subclavian
artery.
 right common carotid
arteries

right subclavian
artery

brachiocephalic aortic arch

trunk
(3) the descending aorta
the thoracic aorta

the abdominal aorta___ two common

iliac arteries

aortic arch

thoracic
aorta

abdominal
aorta
2) The arteries of head and neck

(1)The common carotid arteries

the external carotid arteries
the internal carotid arteries

internal carotid a.
external carotid a.
the carotid sinus : The beginning place of the
internal carotid artery shows a slightly dilation
called the carotid sinus. It acts as a

pressure-receptor which is part of

the blood pressure regulating

.

mechanism. internal carotid a.

external carotid a.
carotid sinus
the carotid body : In the fork of the
bifurcation of common carotid arteries, lies
a small structure termed the carotid body
which acts as a chemoreceptor.
The branches of the external carotid artery
1. superior thyroid artery 2. lingual artery
3. facial artery 4. occipital artery
5. maxillary artery 6. superficial temporal artery

superficial temporal a.
occipital a. maxillary a.
internal carotid a. facial a.
external carotid a. lingual a.

superior
thyroid a.
The facial artery---- the angular artery
The maxillary artery----
the middle meningeal artery

angular a.
middle meningeal a.
maxillary a.
facial a.
lingual a.

superior thyroid a.
(2)The subclavian artery
vertebral a.
internal thoracic a. (musculophrenic a. and superior
epigastric a.)
thyrocervical trunk (the inferior thyroid artery)

vertebral
a.

inferior
thyroid
thyrocervical
a.
trunk

internal
thoracic a.
The arteries of thyroid gland
• The superior thyroid a.
----arise from the
external carotid a.
• The inferior thyroid a.
---- arise from the
thyrocervical trunk of
the subclavian a.
 subclavian
3) The arteries of upper limb a.

the subclavian artery axillary a.

the axillary artery brachial a.

ulnar a.
the brachial artery.
radial a.

the radial artery the ulnar artery

The axillary artery chief branches
the
thoracoacromial
a.
the lateral
the anterior thoracic a.
and posterior the
circumflex subscapular
humeral a. a.
(2) The brachial artery
the deep brachial artery

axillary a.

deep brachial a.
brachial a.
(3) The radial artery

It is used clinically for taking the

pulse.
radial a. ulnar a.

the
principal
artery of
thumb
(4) The ulnar artery

common
radial a. interossous a.
ulnar a.
(5) The superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch

superficial palmar arch

formed mainly by the deep
ulnar artery, and is palmar
branch
usually completed by
superficial palmar superficial
branch of the radial palmar
arch
artery.
superficial common
palmar palmar
branch digital a.
 deep palmar arch
deep palmar arch
is formed by the teminal
part of the radial artery
with deep palmar branch
of the ulnar artery. It is
about 2 cm proximal to
the level of the
superficial palmar arch.
4) The arteries of thorax
(1)The parietal branches

The posterior intercostal

arteries
The subcostal arteries are the
last pair of arteries.
posterior
(2)The visceral branches intercostal
These are the bronchial, arteries
esophageal and pericardial
arteries
 5)The arteries of abdomen
The visceral branches
• the paired and unpaired
two groups
• The unpaired arteries :

celiac trunk

superior mesenteric a.

inferior mesenteric a.
The celiac trunk
anastomose
left gastric a.
proper hepatic right gastric a.
a. left branch
common right branch ---cystic a.
hepatic gastroduodenal superior
a. a. pancreaticoduodenal a.
right gastroepiploic a.
splenic branches
pancreatic branch
splenic short gastric a. anastomose
a.
left gastroepiploic a.
 proper hepatic a. left gastric a.

cystic a.

right gastric a.
gastroduodenal left
a. gastroepiploic
a.
right splenic a.
gastroepiploic a.

common hepatic a.
The branches of the splenic artery

left gastroepiploic a.

splenic a. pancreatic a.
short gastric a.
 The branches of the common hepatic artery
proper hepatic a.

cystic a.
right ganstric a.

gastroduodenal
a.
superior
pancreaticoduodenal
a.
right gastroepiploic a.

common hepatic a.
The arteries of stomach and their origin
1. left gastric a.------ the celiac trunk
2. right gastric a.
------ the proper hepatic a.
3. left gastroepiploic a.
------ the splenic a.
4. right gastroepiploic a.
------ the gastroduodenal a.
5. short gastric a.
------ the splenic a.
 The superior mesenteric artery jejunal
a.
• the jejunal and ileal
a. (12-15)
• ileocolic arteries ----
appendicular a.
• right colic a.
• middle colic a.

ileocolic
a.

appendicular a. ileal a.
The inferior mesenteric artery

• the left colic a.

left colic a.
• the sigmoid a.
• the superior inferior
rectal a. mesenteric a.

sigmoid
a.
superior
rectal a.
• The paired arteries :
The middle suprarenal a.
The renal arteries ------
the inferior suprarenal a.
The testicular arteries
(male)
or ovarian arteries
(female)
 inferior
phrenic a.

The parietal branches

The inferior phrenic artery

(superior suprarenal a.)
The lumbar arteries (4 pairs)
The median sacral artery

lumbar a.

median
sacral a.
The arteries of suprarenal gland
• superior suprarenal a.
----arises from the
inferior phrenic a.
• middle suprarenal a.
----arises from the
abdominal aorta
• inferior suprarenal a.
---- arises from the renal
a.
 6) The arteries of pelvis
The internal iliac artery
external iliac a. common iliac a.

• The parietal branches internal

iliac a.

the obturator a. superior

gluteal a.
the superior gluteal a.
the inferior gluteal a. inferior
gluteal a.
obturator a.
 internal
•The visceral branches pudendal a.

The umbilical a.
The inferior vesical a.
The inferior rectal a.
The uterine a.
(in the famale)
The internal pudendal a.
superior vesical a.
(arise from the
patent part of the
umbilical a.)
inferior vesical inferior rectal a.
 uterine
a.

inferior
round
vesical a.
ligament
of uterus

superior
vesical a.
The external iliac artery

the inferior epigastric artery

femoral a.
7) The arteries of lower limb
The femoral
artery external iliac
a.

femoral a.

deep femoral a.
The popliteal artery popliteal a.

posterior
tibial a.

anterior
tibial a.
The posterior tibial artery

posterior medial
tibial a. plantar a.

peroneal a. lateral
plantar a.
The anterior tibial artery
anterior
tibial a.

dorsal artery
of foot