HYPOTHESIS

TESTING
APPLICATION

TWO SAMPLE
 IMPORTANT TERMONOLOGIES

•When Comparing the means of two

different samples, the following should be
understood:
1.The method you use to sample
2.Sample size.
 METHODS USED TO SAMPLE

• Independent Samples = the sample selected from one

population is not related to the sample selected to the
other population.
• Dependent samples = if each member of one sample
corresponds to a member of the other sample. It is also
known as paired samples or matched samples.
 CLASSIFYING INDEPENDENT AND
DEPENDENT SAMPLES
• 1. Sample 1: Resting heart rates of 35 individuals before
drinking coffee.
Sample 2: Resting heart rates of the same individuals after
drinking two cups of coffee.
2. Sample 1: Test scores for 35 statistics students.
Sample 2: Test scores for 42 biology students who do not
study statistics.
 SOLUTION:

1. These samples are dependent. Because the resting heart rates

of the same individuals are taken, the samples are related. The
samples can be paired with respect to each individual.
2. These samples are independent. It is not possible to form
pairing between the members of samples; the sample sizes
are different, and the data represent test scores for different
individuals.
 CLASSIFY EACH PAIR OF SAMPLES
AS INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT
1. Sample 1: Height of 27 adult females.
Sample 2: Heights of 27 adult males.
2. Sample 1: Midterm exam scores of 14 chemistry students.
Sample 2: Final exam scores of the same 14 chemistry students.
3. Sample 1: The SAT scores for 35 high school students who did not take a SAT preparation
course.
Sample 2: The SAT scores for 40 high school students who did take a SAT preparation
course.
4. Sample 1: Pre – test scores in Mathematics of students in a section.
Sample 2: Post test of scores in Mathematics of the students in the section.
5. Sample 1: The weights of 51 adults.
Sample 2: The weights of the same 51 adults after participating in a diet and exercise
program for one month.
6. Sample 1: The weights of 40 females.
Sample 2: The weights of 40 males.
7. Sample 1: The average speed of 23 powerboats using an old hull design.
sample 2: The average speed of 14 powerboats using a new hull design.
8. Sample 1: The fuel mileage of 10 cars,
Sample 2: The fuel mileage of the same 10 cars using an alternative fuel.
9 – 10. A teacher is conducting a research about an innovation he
developed. He planned to conduct it in his classes. His
methodology is to employ his innovation in one class and the
other with traditional method. He named his class whom to be
subjected with innovation as control group and the other as non
– control group. What type of sampling method did the teacher
employ?
TWO – SAMPLE Z TEST
 TWO – SAMPLE Z – TEST FOR THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
• When to use this?
 the samples must be randomly selected.
The samples must be independent.
Each sample size must be at least 30, or if not, each
population must have a normal distribution with a
known standard deviation.
 FORMULAS

when
 EXAMPLES
A consumer education organization claims that there is a difference in the mean credit card
debts of males and females in Manila. The results of a random survey of 200 individuals from
each group is shown below. Do the results support the organization’s claim?

Females Males

Mean 12290 12370

Std. dev. 750 800

n 200 200
 SOLUTION

(Claim)
2.
3. Two – tailed test.
4. Critical value:
5. Computations:
= 77.5403;
6. If z> +1.96, reject ;
If z< -1.96, reject .
7. Since, -1.03 <-1.96, then fail to reject .
 EXAMPLE 2
1. The data were gathered from the result of testing the effectiveness of two different
strategies in increasing the mean sales of a product. The data are shown below. Can we
conclude that there is a significant difference between the two strategies based from the
mean sales? Test the hypothesis at

Strategy Mean Std. dev. n

A ₱155,000 ₱7,000 45 locations
B ₱149,000 ₱5,000 45 locations
 SOLUTION
1. 1. based from the mean sales of the product.

(Claim)
2.
3. Two – tailed test.
4. Critical value:
5. Computations:
= 1343.7096;

6. If z> +1.96, reject ;

If z< -1.96, reject .
7. Since, +4.47> +1.96, then reject .
 EXAMPLE 3

•Test the hypothesis in example 2,

assuming that
 SOLUTION
1. 1. .

(Claim)
2.
3. One – tailed test.
4. Critical value:
5. Computations:
;2394.9769

6. If z> +2.33, reject ;

7. Since, +4.58> +2.58, then reject .

 EXAMPLE 4
A hog raiser in a certain province uses two methods of pig farming: intensive pig farming,
where pigs are housed indoors in group – housing or straw – lined sheds; and extensive pig
farming, where pigs are allowed to wander around the farm or fence. Test the hypothesis
whether or not the mean weight of pigs in intensive farming is better than the extensive
farming based from the mean weight of the pigs in the sample with data shown below. Use one
– tailed test at

Types of Farming Mean Weight Std. dev. N

Intensive 85 kg. 10kg 55
Extensive 79.kg 6kg 45
 REFLECT ON THIS

• The test of the machine is the satisfaction it

gives you. There isn’t any other test. If the
machine produces tranquility it’s right. If it
disturbs you it’s wrong until either the
machine or your mind is changed.
• ― Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of
Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Value
TWO – SAMPLE T- TEST
Independent Samples
 FORMULAS
• When variances are equal:
t
• When variances are not equal:
t
 EXAMPLE
1
• The braking distances of 8 Volkswagen GTI and 10 Ford
Focuses were tested when travelling ay 60 miles per
hour on dry pavement. The results are shown below.
Can you conclude that there is a significant difference in
the mean braking distances of the two types of cars? Use

GTI Focus
Mean 134 ft 143 ft
Std. dev 6.9 ft 2.6 ft
n 8 10
 SOLUTION
1. 1.

(Claim)
2.
3. Two – tailed test.
4. Critical value:
5. Computations:

6. If z> +3.499, reject ;

If z< -3.499, reject .
7. Since, -3.496> -3.499, then reject .
 EXAMPLE 2
• A manufacturer claims that the calling range (in feet) of its 2.4 GHz cordless telephone is
greater than that of its leading competitor. You perform a study using 14 randomly selected
phones from the manufacturer and 16 randomly selected similar phones from its competitor.
The results are shown in the table. At , can you support the manufacturer’s claim?

Manufacturer Competitor
Mean 1275 ft 1250 ft
std,. Dev. 45 ft 30 ft
n 14 16
 EXERCISE
S
• 1. A teacher wishes to find out if the E – learning method is more effective than the
traditional lecture method. For the E – learning method, 15 students of approximately equal
intelligence were selected to be part of the study while for the traditional method, 14
students were chosen. After two months of conducting the two methods, a 30 – item test was
given to assess their performance. The data are recorded as follow: Assume that the
population variances are equal.

Method n mean s
E – learning 15 24.27 4.98
traditional 14 21.07 5.21
 EXAMPLE
2
• The sample uric acid levels of selected basketball and tennis players of the same age and
gender in a certain university were tested. The result is shown below. Is there a difference in
the mean uric acid levels between basketball and tennis players? Use

Group sample mean Std. dev.

Basketball 15 4.5 1.0
players
Tennis 15 3.4 1.5
players
TWO – SAMPLE T- TEST
Dependent Samples
 FORMULAS

= mean of the difference between paired data entries

test statistic
 EXAMPLE
• A golf club manufacturer claims that golfers can lower their scores by using the
manufacturer’s newly designed golf clubs. Eight golfers are randomly selected, and each is
asked to give his or her most recent score. After using the new clubs for one month, the
golfers are again asked to give their most recent score. The scores for each golfer are shown
in the table. Assuming the golf scores are normally distributed, is there enough evidence to
support the manufacturer’s claim at

Golfer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Old design 89 84 96 82 74 92 85 91
New design 83 83 92 84 76 91 80 91
 SOLUTIO
N
Old New d
89 83 6 36
84 83 1 1
96 92 4 16
82 84 -2 4
74 76 -2 4
=
92 91 1 1
85 80 5 25
91 91 0 0
 SOLUTION
1. 1.

(Claim)
2.
3. One – tailed test.
4. Critical value:
5. Computations:

6. If z> 1.415, reject ;

7. Since, 1.498> 1.415 then reject .

 EXAMPLE 2:
• The diastolic blood pressures (in millimeter of mercury) of nine patients before taking a new
drug and two hours after taking the drug are shown in the table below. At

Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Diastolic 103 122 106 112 125 97 107 118 112
blood
pressure
(before)
Diastolic 98 121 107 105 108 89 102 114 101
blood
pressure
(after)