Communication

1. Communication: the transfer and understanding

the meaning (S. Robbins,T. Judge)

2. Communication, apart from transfer the meaning:

 controls members’ behaviour
 fosters motivation by clarifying to employees what
they must do, how well they are doing it, and
how they can improve
 provides the emotional expression of feelings and
fulfillment of social needs.
 provides the information individuals and groups
need to make appropriate decisions
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 Communication process . The key parts of the model:
(1) the sender, (2) encoding, (3) the message, (4) the
channel (formal/informal), (5) decoding, (6) the
receiver, (7) noise, and (8) feedback
 Communication process -The steps between a source
and a receiver that result in the transfer and
understanding of meaning.
 Formal channels - communication channels
established by an organization to transmit messages
related to the professional activities of members
 Informal channels - communication channels that
are created spontaneously and that emerge as
responses to individual choices
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 Communication process model

SENDER RECEIVER

MESSAGE
ENCODING MESSAGE MESSAGE
TO BE CHANNEL
MESSAGE RECEIVED DECODING
SENT

NOISE

FEEDBACK

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 Model of good communication in the projects:

Common
Open
Training, Positive language,
organizational
help opinions documenta-
culture
tion
facilitations

ENVIRON EFFECTIVE
PARTICI- TECHNI- MENT OF LANGUA
PANTS CIANS COMMUNI
THE GE
PROJECT CATION

barriers

Excessive Excessive
Destructive Jargon, lack
competition, security
criticism of standards
bad attitude measures
(H. Cotterman, K. Forsberg, H. Mooz. (2003) after: Wróbel (2007))
Tools of various methods of information transfer:
Traditional methods of communication:
 Meetings

 Conversations and telephone contact

 Paper documentation

 Blackboards, whiteboards

Modern methods of communication

 E-mail

 Communicators

 Audioconferences

 Videoconferencing

 Blogs

 Portals

 Group calendar

 Virtual boards (Major P., Spałek S. (2017))

Basic communication structures:

Chain Wheel

All-channel

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 Small group communication structures and
effective criteria
Criteria Chain Wheel All channel

Speed Moderate Fast Fast

Accuracy High High Moderate

Emergence Moderate High None

of leader
Member Moderate Low High
satisfaction

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 Communication:
(Verbal; Non-verbal (50-60% of the
information))
1. Actively listen and confirm what has
been said;
Speak so that you are understood;
2. Talk about yourself, not about them/the
other side;
3. Speak to achieve a certain goal;
4. Build relationships for the collaboration;
5. Fight with the problem, not the man.
Know yourself
Pay attention to the little things
Remember about the instability of
attention of the interlocutor
Do not draw premature conclusions
Be prepared to admit you made a mistake
Pay attention to the meaning, not the
form of expression
Take into consideration your partner's

feelings
 Do not underestimate any questions
 Use disagreement to deepen your
perspective
 Try to take the point of view of the other side
 Watch out for the expression of your dissent
 Avoid giving advice
 Be a careful observer
 Speak clearly and to the point
 Show respect for your partner
LANGUAGE BARRIERS:
1. Giving advice

"You need to start to work hard”

"The next time you think about it”

2. Judging and evaluation

"You worry too much”

"You should have more faith in yourself”

LANGUAGE BARRIERS 2:

3. Interpreting and diagnosing

"Your behavior indicates unresolved

emotional conflicts from childhood”

4. Expressing sympathy, calming,
supporting
"There are worse things than that„

"There is no need to worry about it„

LANGUAGE BARRIERS 3:

5. Probing, questioning
"Who exactly told you that?„
"Since when is that your
colleague?

6. Criticising
"You shouldn’t have married her.
"You should help her. In the end, this is
your friend. "
 Other barriers in communication:
* carelessness in formulating the message
by the sender;
* distortion of the sender's motive by the
recipient, interpretation contrary to the
intention of the sender;
* excessive preoccupation with oneself and
one's messages;
* displaying defensive behavior against real
or imagined threats;
* lack of trust between interlocutors;
* lack of trust between interlocutors;
* negative attitude towards the sender;
* emotions of the sender and recipient, i.e.
anger, anger, frustration, or joy,
enthusiasm, conditioning the process of
receiving and interpreting the message by
the recipient;
* language differences incl. lexical (using
jargon, slang);
* lack of active listening. (J. Stankiewicz,
2006)