Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Review
Cristy T. Jintalan
Trainer
What are the principles of organic
agriculture?
The principle of ECOLOGY
The principle of HEALTH
Organic Agriculture should be
Organic Agriculture should based on living ecological systems
sustain and enhance the health of and cycles, work with them,
soil, plant, animal, human and emulate them and help sustain
planet as one and indivisible them
The principle of FAIRNESS The principle of CARE
Organic Agriculture should build Organic Agriculture should be
on relationships that ensure managed in a precautionary and
fairness with regard to the common responsible manner to protect the
environment and life opportunities health and well-being of current
and future generations and the
environment
What are the goals of natural and
organic farming?
Reduce input costs
Preserve health
What is Philippine National Standard?
IMO-Indigenous Micro-Organism
LABS-Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum/Syrup
FAA-Fish/Fermented Amino Acid
What are the basic tools used in the
preparation of concoction?
Knife (kutsilyo)
Container (baldi)
Chopping board (tuk-tukan)
Manila paper
Masking tape
Pentel pen
Rubber bond (lastiku)
Table weighing scale (timbangan)
What are the dilution of each
concoction?
(20ml/1L)
How do you package concoctions safely
after harvesting?
Store in a clean, cool, dark place and
free from disturbance
Label the concoction products properly,
indicating dates of formulation and
harvest
Proper record keeping
What is the importance of labeling the containers
with concoctions under process?
The cleanliness and orderliness in the concoction room shall described by:
Labelled storage area classified according to concoction processes;
Labelled production lines;
The labelled tool cabinets and equipment
The room shall be well ventilated, free from disturbances and free from any direct heat
coming from the sun, machine and electricity
Prepare periodic schedule for cleaning and utilization of each of the concoction extracts
Maintain clean sanitation foot rugs at the entrance of the concoction rooms
Put rule signs at the room readable at eye level such as: No Smoking, Maintain Silence,
Wear PPE, etc…
How do you keep records in every concoctions and what is the
importance of doing so?
The record book must contain data such as description of the concoction; date of
formulation; time of harvest; storage and expiry date; rate of application pe
animal, plant, and area; consumption date; responsible person; inventory of
concoction; refill and replacement of concoctions
The record of each concoctions will describe the date and time, and the
consumption history of the concoctions for the organic farmer to determine the
amount consumer per plant, animal and for fertilization.
The record book shall describe also the rate of formulating concoctions per
application.
The record book shall determine the dosage in each application per animal and
plant
How do you apply the procedures in organic sanitation and commercial
sterilization and how they differ from each other?
1. Clear the area and prepare growth media by mixing fine sand, OF,
and coco coir dust at a ration of 1:1:1,or other combinations that can
be used are garden soil, OF, and CRH (2:1:1) or ordinary farm soil
and OF (1:2)
2. Sterilize plots through sun drying, hot water treatment & burning.
3. Introduction of beneficial microorganisms such as IMO, FPJ, FFJ,
OHN, etc.
4. Accessible to clean & unchlorinated water.
5. Prepare the seedling trays/seedbox using indigenous in the area.
6. Strictly record the activities
How do you select a good seeds according to PNS?
Leafy vegetables
Cucurbits
Solanaceous crops
Root crops
Legumes
Crucifers
Herbs
How do you identify the maturity indices of
common vegetables in the Philippines?
Visit the plants everyday and observe presence of pest/s and disease/s
Water the plants everyday preferably in the morning
Weed the plants when needed by hand weeding
Spray concoction like IMO to make the soil healthy because of the principle
“feed the soil not the plant”
For faster growth, spray IMO & FPJ
Spray FFJ to make the fruits healthy and good taste
Spray OHN/LABS when there are insect, pests and diseases observed
Planting of herbs and other insect repellants around the garden
Practice crop rotation
How do you harvest and handle vegetables properly using
indigenous materials?
Compost
Vermicast
CRH
Coco coir
Saw dust
Animal manure
Garden soil
Fine sand
What are the examples of pests?
Insect pest
• Sucking insects (Hoppers, Aphids)
• Chewing insects (Larvae, beetles)
Rats/Birds
Weeds
Stray Animals
• Dogs/cats
• Other farm animals
What are the examples of diseases?
Bacteria (blight, dark spots, necrotic
spots)
Virus (mosaic)
Nematodes
Fungi (fruit rot, stem rot)
What are the procedures in direct planting?
Staking
Establish spacing
Holing
Sterilizing
Basal application
Spraying concoctions
Planting
How would you observe proper maintenance in
the farm?
Implement 5S
Sort
Straighten
Sweep
Standardize
Sustain
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)
What is the complete PPE used in Organic Vegetables during
filed activities?
Rubber boots
Gloves
Cap/native hat
Face mask
Goggles
Long sleeve/jackets
Long pants
How do you apply basal and foliar fertilizer in the vegetables?
Crop residue
Animal manure
Leguminous plant
Kitchen waste
What are the raw materials for foliar
fertilizer?
Water
Vermicast
Molasses
IMO
What are the positive contributions can
organic fertilizer do to the environment?
Similarities:
Both contains macro and micronutrients
Both have microorganisms
Differences:
Basal fertilizer is applied on the soil while foliar is on and
underneath the leaves
Plants can absorb foliar fertilizer than basal fertilizer
What makes a fertilizer organic?
BAFPS Registration
Brgy. & LGU permits
Local zoning
Third party certification
What are the characteristics of a good
composting site?
Good drainage system
Availability of water supply
Proximity to the source of raw materials
Accessibility of the composting site
Area of minimum contamination
Types of soil
Area with minimum sunlight
How do you produce vermicast and vermicompost?
30:1
Macro-Elements Micro-Elements
Primary Macro-Nutrients - Manganese
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Aluminum
Potassium Copper
Secondary Macro- Molybdenum
Nutrients - Calcium, Zinc
Magnesium, Sulfur Iron
Boron
What are the things to record in the production of
organic fertilizer?
Manufacturing date
Expiry date
Quantity
Moisture content
Nutritional value
How do you protect yourself during the preparation
and processing of organic fertilizers?
Gloves
Mask
Boots
What are the forms of feeds?
Mash
Crumbles
Pellets
What are the types of feeds?
Pre-starter
Starter
Grower
Finisher/Developer
What do you mean by culling?
Proper temperature
Adequate space allowance
Proper ventilation
Proper sanitation
Adequate lighting facilities
Proper feeding nutrition
Why is lighting management necessary in
layers?
ground
- Recyclable materials – can be sold
What records do you need to accomplish?
How and why?
a) Strain and source of chicks
b) Feed consumption
c) Medication by boosting the immune system
d) production
e) Financial record
f) Mortality record
g) inventory
What are the importance of keeping accurate
and up-to-date records?
Production cost may be used in pricing the adjustment of
operations can be computed and forecast
Whole financial status of the business can be measured
Accurate farm records will provide the basic data in the
planning of the succeeding business
Production records determine the efficiency of birds, flock
men and management practices
If sudden drop of egg production occur, what
action would you take?
and medication
Is there a specific procedures in putting up a
poultry farm?
Yes, because the success of poultry production enterprise depends not only on the
financial resources but also in the application of technology during the various
phases of production. We must consider the following points before engaging on
poultry production.
Personal qualification and capabilities
Availability of resources
Market assurance
Transportation facilities
c) Keeping nest, cages and egg roll out as clean as possible to avoid stains on the eggs
e) Classify eggs according to standard size immediately after collection. Whenever possible,
soiled eggs should be cleaned first with soap and water before placing them in the egg
room
f) Keep the eggs in a cool storage preferably at 10-15.6 with relative humidity of about 70%.
If cooler not available, store eggs in a cool room
g) In the absence of cool storage room, dispose the egg soon after collection within 3 days
after collection to maintain freshness.
What is the standard classification of eggs
according to sizes?
Sizes Weight
Extra Large (XL) 62 grams up
Large (L) 55 – 61 grams
Medium (M) 48 – 54 grams
Small (S) 41 – 47 grams
Peewee Below 41 grams
What is the standard classification of eggs?
Good Eggs This includes cleaned and free from any stain or dirt
Age
Purpose of production
Size
How do you recognize in heat animals?
Grunting and mounting of the hogs
Swelling and reddening of the vulva
Loss of appetite
Erect ears
Appearance of mucous discharge from the vagina
Can only be moved with great efforts
Frequent attempts to urinate with little or no discharge at all
How do you recognize pregnant animals?
Absence of heat/estrus
Increase weight
Enlargement of the abdomen
Development of mammary glands
What is the relation of space in health and
fertility of animals?
Manure – as fertilizer
Dead animals – burning or deep burying
Environmental compliance
In case of disease infection on nearby farms, how
will you lessen or prevent contamination of your
farm?
Quarantine
Observe code of conducts and animal
welfare act
Strict implementation of biosecurity
measures
What are the common farrowing problems?
Use of PPE
Make/process silage
Use agricultural by-products
Use treated rice straw using LABS
What if your numbers of breeder animals are
inadequate?
TEMPORARY
TEMPORARY TEETH=<
TEETH=< 1
1 A
A PAIR
PAIR -1
-1 YEARS
YEARS 22 PAIRS,
PAIRS, 22 -- 33 YEARS
YEARS
YEAR
YEAR
33 PAIRS
PAIRS 33 -- 44 YEARS
YEARS 4 PAIRS,4 - 5 PERMANENT INCISORS STARTING
YEARS
TO WEAR OUT 5 YEARS
Legumes Grasses
Ipil-ipil Napier
Desmanthus Carabao grass
Arachis Paragrass
Centrosema Guinea grass
Renzoni Stargrass
Kakawate Signal grass
Calopo Corn
flamingia
Feeding Management System
•Freely grazing
•Herding
•Tethering
•Pure
confinement
•Integrated with
crops/orchard
“Study without desire
spoils the memory, and
it retains nothing that
it takes in.”
- Leonardo da Vinci -
THANK
YOU