Oral Communication in Context

Lesson 1:
Exploring and
Explaining the
Nature of
Communication
2
 3

The root of the word

“communication” in Latin
What is is communicare, which
communication? means to share, or to
make common.
 4

Communication involves
a Speaker imparting
What is ideas, concepts and data
communication? to a group of Listeners
 5

It is about two people

talking such as with a
What is sibling, a parent, a teacher,
communication? face-to-face in real life or
even via internet
 6

It is also a group of
What is
people talking with
communication?
one another
 7

Nature of
Communication
 8

Nature of Communication

× Any communication
involves a transaction
× It is imparting concepts to
an audience
 9

Nature of Communication

× It is the sharing of ideas

among a group of people
 10

“
Communication is the sharing of
experiences publicly for the
common good.
-Monroe et al. (1982),
 11

Are we born as master

communicators?
 12

Nature of Communication

× Communication has to be
learned. More importantly,
it has to be mastered.
 13

Models of Communication
The following models of communication introduce the elements of
communication.

01 Aristotle’s Model of
Communication Wilbur Schramm’s
03 Model of
Claude Shannon Communication
02 and Warren Weaver
Model of
Communication Eugene White’s
04 Model of
Communication
14
 15

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

• The first and earliest model of

communication
• One-way communication
 16

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

• He believed that different message or speech
should be made for different audiences at
different situations to get desired effects or to
establish a propaganda.
 17

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

• Placed more emphasis on public speaking
than on interpersonal communication
 18

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

• The speaker is the most important element,
making this model a speaker-oriented
model.
 19

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

• There is no concept of feedbacks. The role
of the audience is passive.
 20

Aristotle’s Model of
Communication
× One-way communication
× Emphasis on public speaking
× Speaker-oriented
× No concept of feedbacks
21
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
22

Model of Communication
• Also called the Telephone Model
• Based on the experience of having the message
interfered with by noise from the telephone back
in 1940s
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
23

Model of Communication
• Gave the concept of Noise—anything that
hampers the communication
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
24

Model of Communication
• The Message sent by the Source (speaker) is not
necessarily the Message received by the Destination
(Listener)
Sender (Information source) –The person who
makes the message, chooses the channel and
sends the message.
 Encoder (Transmitter) – The sender who uses
machine, which converts message into signals or
binary data. Also called as machine
Channel –The medium used to send message.
Decoder (Receiver) – The machine used to convert
signals or binary data into message or the receiver
who translates the message from signals.
 Receiver (Destination) –The person who gets the
message or the place where the message must
reach. The receiver provides feedback according to
the message.
Noise –The physical disturbances like environment,
people, etc. which does not let the message get to
the receiver as what is sent.
 31

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver

Model of Communication
× the Telephone Model
× concept of Noise
× The Message sent is not necessarily the
Message received
 33

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication

• Schramm is considered as the Father of
Mass Communication
• Schramm suggested that message can be
complicated by different meaning learned by
different people. Thus, Schramm says Message
meaning can be Denotative or Connotative.
 34

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication

• He asserts that communication can take
place if and only if there is an overlap
between the Field of Experience of the
Speaker and the Field of Experience of the
Listener
 35

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication

• Field of Experience—everything that makes
a person unique—everything he/she has
ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read,
and studied. In short, everything a person
has ever experienced or not, done or not.
 36

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication

• The Field of Experience is used to interpret
the Message and create a Response.
 37

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication

• It is the Listener’s Field of Experience that has to
overlap with the Speaker’s Field of Experience which
can only happen if the two have commonalities
 38

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication

• This model can be used for both intrapersonal
and interpersonal communication
 39

Wilbur Schramm’s Model of

Communication
× Message meaning can be Denotative or
Connotative.
× Field of Experience
 41

Eugene White’s Model of Communication

• According to this model, communication is
circular and continuous, without beginning or end
 42

Eugene White’s Model of Communication

• White points out that although we can assume that
communication begins with thinking, communication can
actually be observed from any point in the circle
 43

Eugene White’s Model of Communication

• Eugene White contributed the concept of Feedback to
the field of communication
 44

Eugene White’s Model of Communication

• Feedback—the perception by the Speaker about the
Response of the Listener
 45

Eugene White’s Model of Communication

• The Speaker can only receive Feedback if the Speaker is
monitoring the Listener. The Speaker will know what the
Listener’s response is only if he/she is paying attention.
 46

Eugene White’s Model of

Communication
× Communication is circular and continuous
× concept of Feedback
 47

Questions:
× Does language matter in
communicating? Why or why not?
× Is speaking English, a requirement to
land in a job?
× Why do we need to control and choose
the words we are going to blurt out?
 48

Matthew 15:11 – “It is not what enters one’s mouth that defiles
thatperson; but what comes out of the mouth is what defiles one.”