Evolve.

Adapt.
Overcome.
CEFI is now ready.

HOMEOSTASIS
COURSE CODE: Ana/Physio

Course Description: This course deals with psychological concepts,

principles and basic anatomical structures.

SR. NELSON J. HUGO

College of Nursing
Evolve.
Adapt.
Overcome.
CEFI is now ready.

DEFINITION OF HOMEOSTASIS

SR. NELSON J. HUGO

College of Nursing
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

HOMEOSTASIS
• It is the state of steady
internal conditions
maintained by living things.
• Maintaining homeostasis
requires that the body
continuously monitor its
internal conditions.
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

From body temperature to

blood pressure to levels of
certain nutrients, each
physiological condition has
a particular set point.

the physiological value

around which the normal
range fluctuates.
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

Normal range is the

restricted set of values
that is optimally
healthful and stable.

Physiological parameters, such as

body temperature and blood
pressure, tend to fluctuate within a
normal range a few degrees above
and below that point.
Example
the set point of normal human body
temperature is approximately 37°C
(98.6°F)
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

Control centers in the brain

and other parts of the body
monitor and react to
deviations from homeostasis
using negative feedback.

a mechanism that reverses a

deviation from the set point.

maintains body parameters

within their normal range.
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

THREE BASIC COMPONENTS OF

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

CONTROL
SENSOR CENTER EFFECTOR
•also referred to a •compares the •causes a change to
receptor value to the reverse the
•monitors a normal range. situation
physiological •activates an •return the value to
value effector the normal range
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

STIMULUS
a deviation from a
set point
drives a physiological
parameter beyond its
normal range

“heard” by a specific
sensor.
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

In a negative
feedback loop, a
stimulus is resisted
through a
physiological
process that
returns the body a) A negative feedback loop has four
to homeostasis. basic parts.
b) Body temperature is regulated by
negative feedback.
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

The three major effects of

“heat-loss center” stimulation

As blood flow to the skin The depth of respiration

Blood vessels in the skin begin to
increases, sweat glands are increases, and a person may
dilate allowing more blood from
activated to increase their breathe through an open mouth
the body core to flow to the
output. As the sweat evaporates instead of through the nasal
surface of the skin allowing the
from the skin surface into the passageways. This further
heat to radiate into the
surrounding air, it takes heat increases heat loss from the
environment.
with it. lungs.
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

POSITIVE FEEDBACK
• It intensifies a change in
the body’s physiological
condition rather than
reversing it.
• It is normal only when
there is a definite end
point.
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

EXAMPLES OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK

child birth

reversing extreme damage to the body.

 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

CHILD BIRTH
• Normal childbirth is driven by a
positive feedback loop. A
positive feedback loop results in
a change in the body’s status,
rather than a return to
homeostasis.

• The extreme muscular work of

labor and delivery are the result
of a positive feedback system
 COLLEGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

BLOOD LOSS
• Less blood circulating means
reduced blood pressure and
reduced perfusion to the brain
and other vital organs.

• The body responds to this

potential catastrophe by
releasing substances in the
injured blood vessel wall that
begin the process of blood
clotting.
Evolve.
Adapt.
Overcome.
CEFI is now ready.

THANK YOU!

SR. NELSON J. HUGO

College of Nursing