MATH 203 E_ Lec22

I NST RU CTO R: Na h i d Agh ab a b a eya n

N A H I D . A G H A B A B A E YA N @ C O N C O R D I A . C A

T E X T B O O K : T h o m a s ' C a l c u l u s : E a r l y T r a n s c e n d e n t a l s , S i n g l e Va r i a b l e , ( E d . 1 4 )
Concavity

2
Concavity

3
The Second Derivative Test for Concavity

4
The Second Derivative Test for Concavity

5
Example

6
7
Points of Inflection
The curve y = 3 + sin x in Example 2 changes concavity at the point (, 3). Since the first derivative
y′ = cos x exists for all x, we see that the curve has a tangent line of slope -1 at the point (, 3).
This point is called a point of inflection of the curve.

8
9
10
11
12
Second Derivative Test for Local
Extrema
Instead of looking for sign changes in ƒ′ at critical points, we can sometimes use
the following test to determine the presence and nature of local extrema.

13
Second Derivative Test for Local
Extrema
This test requires us to know ƒ″ only at c itself and not in an interval about c. This
makes the test easy to apply.

The test is inconclusive if ƒ″ = 0 or if ƒ″ does not exist at x = c.

When this happens, use the First Derivative Test for local extreme values.

14
15
16
17
18
Procedure for Graphing

19
20
21
22
23
24
Graphical Behavior of Functions from
Derivatives
The following figure summarizes how the first derivative and second derivative affect the
shape of a graph:

25
26