SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEE3502
DESIGN PROCESS PLANNING &
MANAGEMENT
 DESIGN PROCESS PLANNING &
L T P J C
MEE3502 MANAGEMENT 2 0 2 4 4
Lecture
Module Managing Health and Safety
Hours

Safety and security policies, policies and standards.

Industry pollution and hazards. Comply with organisation’s
current health, safety and security policies and procedures,
Report any identified breaches in health, safety, and
5 Security policies and procedures, Identify, report and 4
correct any hazards, emergency procedures, Identify and
recommend opportunities for improving health, safety, and
security. Physical and mental health practices.
Psychological counselling process.
 SAFETY

The condition of being protected from or unlikely to

cause danger and risk of injury (in a working environment).

It is used with reference to such things as disasters,

emergencies, fire prevention and protection, and other
conditions that provide prevention from injury and damage
Empathy Define

to property. Test
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 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES

1. Keep work areas clean.

Proper housekeeping alone can go a long way in preventing
injuries.
Injuries such as
• slips,
• trips,
• falls,
• lacerations,
• sprains, Define

• strains, etc. can be reduced by keeping work areas organized and clean.
Empathy

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 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES

2. Use the proper tool for the job.

 Avoid the first impulse to use whatever tool (or object) is around you to get a work
task done.
 Using the wrong tool for the job can result in an injury or damage to the tool which
can lead to an injury in the future.

3. Always wear the proper PPE for the work task.

 The lack of PPE, or the use of improper PPE, leads to many injuries in the workplace.
 PPE is the last line of defense when protecting yourself from the hazards of your
work.
 If you come into contact with a hazard when not wearing the correct PPE the injury
will be more severe. Empathy Define

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 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES

4. Never work on live equipment.

 Working on energized equipment is an unsafe act that can result in
serious injuries or fatalities.
 Always follow proper lock out/tag out procedures prior to performing
any maintenance or repair work on equipment.

5. Make sure chemicals are properly labeled and stored.

 OSHA issues many citations regarding hazard communication every year.
 Improper labeling and storage can lead to injuries or property loss due
to fires, corrosion, etc. Empathy Define

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 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES

6. Communicate hazards to other personnel.

 Never assume that a coworker understands the hazards of a task, especially if
they are new or new to the task.
 When work plans or conditions change take the necessary time to inform
others of the impacts the changes have on safety.

7. Stop work when needed to address hazards.

 Always stop work to take the time to get hazards addressed to make it safe to
continue the task.
 Whether you need to involve other personnel such as a supervisor or you need
to take time to get the right tool for the job, always take the time to do so.
Empathy Define

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 DO’S
 Switch off the electrical points while not in use to avoid
unforeseen accidents.
 Keep the workplace clean.
 Report all accidents/injuries to the Company Dispensary
irrespective of their nature.
 Inform about occupational health and safety measures to
your colleagues/ employees.
 Ensure that First Aid Box is kept in your Section/Department
and replenish it with due care and caution to meet Empathy Define

emergency need.
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 DO’S
 Ensure close supervision while employees are working in an
area where hazardous gases/chemicals are in use.
 Ensure that all floors, stairs, passages, emergency exits, water-
body etc. are in good condition, properly maintained and free
from obstructions.
 Use suitable eye protection against particles/fragments thrown
of in the course of any process like excessive light, chemicals,
gases, welding, dust, fly ash etc.
 Ensure that sufficient number of fire extinguishers are kept at
your work place and are in good working condition and properlyEmpathy Define

maintained.
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 DON’T’S
 Don't forget to switch off the lights and other electrical
gadgets while leaving the area of work.
 Don't allow/advise anybody to work without taking safety
measures in hazardous areas.
 Don't ignore Warning/caution signs posted because of specific
hazards.
 Removal/alteration by persons other than those authorized to
do so is prohibited.
 Do not operate any equipment without authority. Empathy Define

 Do not make the safety devices in-operative.

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 DON’T’S
 Do not use the damaged/unsafe equipment and tools.
 Do not work in hazardous area without permit.
 Do not use any hazardous chemicals if the usable date has
expired.
 Do not use compressed air for removing dust from your
clothes.
 Do not overload the lifting machines than their designed
capacity. Empathy Define

 Don't leave the floor openings unattended. Test

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 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INDIVIDUAL

• One must critically and rationally evaluate the severity of the

emergency and determine what requires to be done immediately. •
One must look for additional help by calling up the emergency toll-free
number, which would help the caller reach an official or “dispatcher.”
• It is recommended that one should call from a GPS (global
positioning system) equipped phone so that the emergency dispatcher
is able to track the location, even if the caller is unable to speak.
• One must assess the immediate threats, for example, in case a
person is severely injured from a running machine, the machine must
be turned off immediately to prevent others from getting hurt as well.
Empathy Define

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 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INDIVIDUAL

• Extremely high casualties must be reported to the occupational health

and safety committee (OHSC).
• One must move farther from the emergency spot and help others do
the same.
• Evacuation plans must be adopted, and escape routes must be taken.
• Secondary hazards must be eliminated or mitigated, at least.
For example, a car accident involves the risk of an explosion and fire
outbreak resulting from spilled fuel.
• One must help the other victims and take appropriate measures to help
the specially-abled ones. Empathy Define

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 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INJURED

• One must try reviving a seemingly unconscious victim by

rubbing the chest, pinching the earlobes, providing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (a combination of chest
compression and artificial respiration).

• One must avoid moving a severely injured victim and give

only the necessary first-aid techniques.

• One must avoid giving water for unconscious person. Empathy

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 COMMUNICATION OF SAFETY RULES

• Discussion during New employees Orientation camp

• Published in the New Hire Orientation / Company Handbook
• Posting throughout the facility

• Annual refresher training

• On-the-spot corrections and reinforcement by supervisors
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 COMPONENTS OF A BASIC FIRST-AID
KIT
Plasters of different shape and sizes Sterile eye dressings Crepe rolled bandages

Small, medium, and large sterile gauze Triangular bandages Alcohol-free cleansing wipes
dressings

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COMPONENTS OF A BASIC FIRST-AID
KIT
Sticky tape Antiseptic cream to relieve insect Painkillers such as paracetamol,
bites and stings aspirin or ibuprofen

Thermometer Antihistamine cream or tablets Distilled water for cleaning wounds

Empathy Define

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 SECURITY

The state of being free from danger or threat.

It is used with reference to freedom from fear, anxiety,

and doubts concerning humans as well as protection against
thefts of property.
Empathy Define

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 WORKPLACE SECURITY

It is basically the process to protect an employee from

work related illness and injury and to make the workplace
(building etc) secure from intruders.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Radiation Monitoring Badges Test Launch

 IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A WORKPLACE SECURITY

Workplace security is very important because it will reduce

 liabilities,

 insurance,

 compensation and

 other social security expenses to be paid by the company to the

stakeholders. Empathy Define

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 FIRE ACCIDENT

An accidental fire is a mishap that could be either man-made

or natural.

Accidental fire occurs frequently and can be controlled but

may at times result in severe loss of life and property.

Empathy Define

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ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Empathy Define

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 FIRE FIGHTING

Removing one element from the fire is, in fact, the

principle that underlies almost all firefighting methods.
 Fighting a fire with water removes the heat.
 Smothering the fire with noncombustible materials
removes the oxygen.
 Sealing off the fire area is another way of removing
oxygen.
 And loading out hot materials from the fire area removes
the fuel.
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 FIRE PREVENTION
DO's
 Know the location of fire extinguishers, exit routes and the nearest manual fire call
point.
 Make yourself conversant with the type of fire extinguisher and its operation.
 Keep your workplace clean and tidy.
 Training of use of safety equipment's such as fire extinguishers & personal protective
equipment's.
 Do inform fire department about the accidental use of fire safety equipments such as
fire extinguishers.
 Do report all fire/non-fire emergencies to your area incharge and fire station.
 Do practice no smoking in the workplace and where the 'No Smoking' signs are
displayed. Define
Empathy

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 FIRE PREVENTION
DON'Ts
 Don't use open flames/carry out hot work in the areas where hazardous
gases/chemicals are stored unless authorized.
 Don't remove portable extinguishers from their assigned location except in case of
fire.
 Don't obstruct/block aisles, exits, hose cabinets, portable fire extinguishers or
sprinkler valves.
 Don't fiddle with the various facilities until and unless you are authorised to do so.
 Don't use fire safety equipment's for any other purpose, other than they are meant
for.
 Don't store chemicals near the source of heat.
 Don't carry chemical bottles in hand. Always make use of trolleys. Empathy Define

 Do not panic in the emergency situation and follow the guidelines as given under Ideate Prototype

general action plan. Test Launch

 CLASS OF FIRE

Class of Fire Source

A Fire from combustible objects like wood, paper, plastic, cloth, charcoal, etc.
B Fire from flammable liquids like gasoline, petrol, diesel, grease, other greasy
liquids, etc.
Fire from flammable gases like Propane, Butane, Methane, etc.
C Fire from electrical equipment
D Fire from combustible metals like sodium, magnesium, potassium, lithium,
titanium, aluminum, etc.
E Fire caused by electrical equipment
F Fire caused by cooking oils

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 FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Dry chemical extinguisher

Water

High expansion foam.

Empathy Define

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 DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER

 Dry chemical extinguisher put out fires by stopping the chemical reaction
between the fuel and oxygen (which produces the flame).

 The dry chemical agents work to inactivate the intermediate products of

the flame reaction.

 This results in a decreased combustion rate (rate of heat evolution) and

thus extinguishes the fire. Empathy Define

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 WATER

 Water acts to cool the fire, removing heat from the fire triangle.

 Water is an effective extinguishing agent on Class A Fires.

Empathy Define

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 HIGH EXPANSION FOAM

 High expansion foam is used mainly to contain and control

fire by removing two legs of the fire triangle oxygen and heat.

 The tremendous volume of the foam acts to smother and cool

the fire at the same time.

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 P-A-S-S

•Pull
•Aim
•Squeeze
•Sweep
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 P – PULL THE PIN
This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher

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 A – AIM AT THE BASE OF THE FIRE

Aim at the flames (which is frequently the temptation),

the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.

You want to hit the fuel

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 S – SQUEEZE THE TOP HANDLE OR
LEVER
Depresses a button that releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the fire extinguisher.

Empathy Define

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 S – SWEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE
Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then
move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-
ignites.

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CORRECT USE OF A FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

Empathy Define

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 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Water fire extinguishers Foam fire extinguishers
Suitable for use on class A type of fire. Suitable for class A and class B fire.

Powder fire extinguishers CO2fire extinguishers

Ideal for usage on class A, B, and C fires. Suitable for class B fire.
It is also safe on electrical equipment Also recommended for use
on electrical equipment.

Empathy Define

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 ELECTRICAL SAFETY MEASURES
• Avoid wearing loose clothes that can get caught in a
tool’s moving parts.
• Never carry a power tool by its cord.
• Wear insulating boots (made of rubber, wood, etc.) to
prevent injuries from sudden electrical shock.
• Regularly inspect the control panels for any kind of short
circuit or fault.
• Use tools that are doubly insulated and are plugged into
a ground receptacle.
• Avoid using electrical appliances in wet conditions. Empathy Define

• Use a ground fault circuit interpreter.

Ideate Prototype

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 FIRST-AID TREATMENT FOR ELECTROCUTION

Shut off the power

supply

Separate the victim

from the source

Place the victim in the

recovery position
Empathy Define

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 FIRST-AID TREATMENT FOR ELECTROCUTION

Cover the victim in a

blanket

Talk to the victim and

try reviving them to
consciousness

Control any bleeding

Empathy Define

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 FIRST-AID TREATMENT FOR ELECTROCUTION

Check the victim’s

airways, breathing, and
circulatory system
before beginning any
sort of compressions

Empathy Define

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 INDUSTRY POLLUTION

Form of pollution that can trace its immediate source to

industrial practices is known as industrial pollution.

Most of the pollution on the planet can be traced back

to industries of some kind.

Every nation is affected, and there are people who are

working tirelessly to increase awareness and advocate for
change.
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 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
1. Lack of Policies to Control Pollution
Lack of effective policies and poor enforcement drive allowed many industries
to bypass laws made by the pollution control board, which resulted in mass-scale
pollution that affected the lives of many people.
2. Unplanned Industrial Growth
In most industrial townships, unplanned growth took place wherein those
companies flouted rules and norms and polluted the environment with both air
and water pollution.
3. Use of Outdated Technologies
Most industries still rely on old technologies to produce products that
generate a large amount of waste. To avoid high cost and expenditure, many Empathy Define

companies still make use of traditional technologies to produce high-end products. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
4. Presence of a Large Number of Small Scale Industries
Many small scale industries and factories that don’t have enough capital and
rely on government grants to run their day-to-day businesses often escape
environment regulations and release a large number of toxic gases in the
atmosphere.

5. Inefficient Waste Disposal

Water pollution and soil pollution are often caused directly due to inefficiency
in the disposal of waste. Long term exposure to polluted air and water causes
chronic health problems, making the issue of industrial pollution into a severe one.
It also lowers the air quality in surrounding areas, which causes many Empathy Define

respiratory disorders. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
6. Leaching of Resources From Our Natural World
Industries do require a large amount of raw material to make them into finished products. This
requires the extraction of minerals from beneath the earth.
The extracted minerals can cause soil pollution when spilled on the earth.
Leaks from vessels can cause oil spills that may prove harmful to marine life.

7. Natural Resource Use

Raw material is a must for industries, which often requires them even pulling out underground
elements. One of the most common forms of leaching from natural resources is fracking for oil.

When industries extract minerals, the process causes soil pollution and also causes oil leaks
Empathy Define

and spills that are harmful and even deadly to people and animals. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

1. Water Pollution
The effects of industrial pollution are far-reaching and liable to affect the
ecosystem for many years to come. Most industries require large amounts of water
for their work. When involved in a series of processes, the water comes into
contact with heavy metals, harmful chemicals, radioactive waste, and even organic
sludge.
These are either dumped into open oceans or rivers. As a result, many of our
water sources have a high amount of industrial waste in them, which seriously
impacts the health of our ecosystem. The same water is then used by farmers for
irrigation purposes, which affects the quality of food that is produced.
Water pollution has already rendered many groundwater resources useless
for humans and wildlife. It can at best be recycled for further usage in industries.
Empathy Define

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 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

2. Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is creating problems in agriculture and
destroying local vegetation. It also causes chronic health issues to
the people that come in contact with such soil on a daily basis.
3. Air Pollution
Air pollution has led to a steep increase in various illnesses,
and it continues to affect us on a daily basis. With so many small,
mid and large scale industries coming up, air pollution has taken
a toll on the health of the people and the environment. Empathy

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 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

4. Wildlife Extinction
By and large, the issue of industrial pollution shows us that it causes natural rhythms
and patterns to fail, meaning that the wildlife is getting affected in a severe manner.
Habitats are being lost, species are becoming extinct, and it is harder for the environment
to recover from each natural disaster.
Major industrial accidents like oil spills, fires, the leakage of radioactive materials and
damage to property are harder to clean-up as they have a higher impact in a shorter
timeframe.
5. Global Warming
With the rise in industrial pollution, global warming has been increasing at a steady
pace. Smoke and greenhouse gases are being released by industries into the air, which
causes an increase in global warming. Empathy Define

Melting of glaciers, extinction of polar bears, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes are few of the Ideate Prototype

effects of global warming. Test Launch

 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

6. Biodiversity Loss
Industrial pollution continues to cause significant damage to the earth and all of its
inhabitants due to chemical wastes, pesticides, radioactive materials etc. It affects wildlife
and ecosystems and disrupts natural habitats. Animals are becoming extinct, and habitats
are being destroyed.
The increasing liquid, solid and hazardous wastes undermine ecosystem health and
impact on food, water and health security. Industrial pollution disasters, including oil spills
and radioactive leakage, take years to decades to clean up.

7. Atmospheric Deposition
Cadmium enrichment of soil can also be associated with industrial pollution. Industrial
effluents are commonly discharged to surface water drainage systems after clarification in
tailing ponds. Recent investigations have disclosed very high concentrations of Cd in the
Empathy Define

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overbank and bottom sediments of the rivers. Test Launch

 WAYS TO CONTROL OR REDUCE INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
The issue of industrial pollution is critical to every nation on the planet. With the increase of the harmful
effects of industrial pollution, there are many agencies and individuals who are working to reduce carbon
footprints and live and work in an eco-friendly way.
1. Source Control
Adopting new technology, efficient training of employees for safe use and development of better technology
for disposal of waste, and being more conscientious about the use of raw materials can help control industrial
pollution at the source.
2. Recycling
Recycling as much polluted water in the industries as possible by increased recycling efforts to reduce
industrial pollution.
3. Cleaning of Resources
Organic methods should be adopted to clean the water and soil, such as using microbes that use heavy metals
and waste as feed naturally. Cooling rooms or bins need to be developed that allow industries to recycle the
water they need instead of pushing it back into the natural water source it came from.
4. Industry Site Selection Empathy Define

Consideration of location of the sites and the potential impact on the surrounding environment can help Ideate Prototype

reduce harmful consequences. Test Launch

 WAYS TO CONTROL OR REDUCE INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
5. Proper Treatment of Industrial Waste
By developing and implementing adequate treatment facilities for handling industrial waste and
proper habits can reduce pollution.
6. Rebuilding Habitats and Afforestation
Rebuilding habitats by planting more trees and plants can help give wildlife back their homes, and
the trees can help purify the air with enough oxygen, and act as a buffer against the environment.
7. Stricter Laws and Enforcement
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) works to correct the damage from industrial pollution.
There should be more stringent rules to take action against the companies who do not follow proper
protocol and more significant rewards for the companies who operate properly. It requires creating
policies that prevent misuse of land.
8. Regular Environmental Impact Assessments
Being a responsible company or industry should require regular environmental impact assessments
that are reported for evaluation. If there are harmful impacts discovered during the review, Empathy Define

necessary actions to correct the negative consequences should be developed and enforced.
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 HAZARDS

A substance that is likelihood to cause an injury in a

given environment or situation.

Empathy Define

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 INDUSTRIAL HAZARD

Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition

/substance produced by industries that may cause injury or

death to personnel or loss of product or property.

Empathy Define

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 CULTIVATING A WORKPLACE SAFETY CULTURE

• Preventing and removing workplace hazards is necessary for

employee safety,

• It’s a legal responsibility under the Occupational Safety Health Act’s

General Duty Clause

• Employers are required to provide a workplace that is free from

recognized hazards that may cause death or serious harm to their Empathy Define

employees.
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OSHA FIVE TYPES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS

1. Safety

2. Chemical

3. Biological

4. Physical
Empathy Define

5. Ergonomic
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 WORKPLACE HAZARDS
1. Safety Hazards
Safety hazards encompass any type of substance, condition or object that can
injure workers. In many types of workplaces they can include spills on floors,
walkways blocked by cords or boxes, falls from heights, machinery with moving
parts, confined spaces and electrical hazards such as frayed cords.
2. Chemical Hazards
Workers can be exposed to chemicals in liquids, gases, vapors, fumes and
particulate materials. Chemical hazards include acids, pesticides, carbon monoxide,
flammable liquids, welding fumes, silica dust and glass fibers.
3. Biological Hazards
Employees who work with other people, with animals or with infectious materials
can be exposed to biological hazards such as blood, fungi, mold, viruses and animal
Empathy Define

droppings.
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 WORKPLACE HAZARDS
4. Physical Hazards
A physical hazard can injure workers with or without contact.
These types of hazards include radiation, working in extreme heat
or cold, spending hours under the sun or being constantly exposed
to loud noise.
5. Ergonomic Hazards
Ergonomic related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for
33% of all employee injury and illness cases. These types of
hazards occur when repetitive work, the type of work, or a certain
position strains the body. These are the most difficult hazards to
Empathy Define

spot because problems build up over time.

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 SAFETY HAZARDS IN THE MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES

Machine Guarding
Correct machine guarding is essential to keep workers safe who operate
heavy machinery every day on their job. Improperly installed machine guards
pose a hazard to employees which may result in life-threatening accidents.
Electrical
Electricians and engineers are the ones who are most exposed to
electrical hazards such as incorrectly installed equipment, unlocked electrical
panels, and exposed wires.
Falls
Surprisingly, falls are one of the most commonly occurring safety
hazards in the manufacturing sector. They are the leading cause of injury and
Empathy Define

death.
Ideate Prototype

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 SAFETY HAZARDS IN THE MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Lockout / Tagout
Several energy sources including electrical, mechanical or
chemical equipment in a manufacturing workspace can prove
hazardous to the workers. When the employees are servicing or
carrying out maintenance operations on the heavy machinery, an
unexpected startup or release of energy may lead to serious injury or
death.
Poor Maintenance
Poorly maintained machinery and equipment increases the risk
of safety issues and may lead to serious accidents. Even high-end
equipment equipped with fail-safe features can malfunction if periodic
Empathy

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maintenance checks are not performed. Test Launch

 SAFETY HAZARDS IN THE MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES

Fire and explosion hazards

Fire occurs in the industry more frequently than explosions and
toxic release,
The consequences in terms of loss of life are generally less.
Fire might be less hazardous
Permanent Hazards
Most of the machines in manufacturing facilities are dangerous
regardless of how well they are maintained and often pose what is
known as a permanent hazard. Empathy

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Define

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 MINIMIZING WORKPLACE HAZARDS

Minimizing or eliminating workplace hazards need not

be time-consuming or even expensive. Being aware of
possible hazards can increase productivity, prevent illness,
reduce days off and save lives.
Empathy Define

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 QUOTE

When wealth is lost, nothing is lost;

When health is lost, something is lost;

When character is lost, all is lost.

Empathy Define

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 HEALTH
Mental health & physical health have a bi-direction and
complex relationship.

Health as a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.

“There is no health without mental health.” Empathy Define

WHO Test
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 MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH

A clear distinction is often made between 'mind' and

'body'. But when considering mental health and physical
health, the two should not be thought of as separate.
Poor physical health can lead to an increased risk of
developing mental health problems.
Similarly, poor mental health can negatively impact on
physical health, leading to an increased risk of some
conditions.
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 ASSOCIATION B/W MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH

1. Poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical

conditions

2. People with serious mental health conditions are at high

risk of experiencing chronic physical conditions

3. People with chronic physical conditions are at risk of

Empathy Define

developing poor mental health

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 MENTAL WELLNESS/GOOD MENTAL HEALTH

Is feeling, thinking, and interacting in ways that help you

enjoy life and deal effectively with difficult situations”

Empathy Define

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CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS & ASSOCIATED MENTAL
HEALTH CONDITIONS

Empathy Define

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 STRESS ABOUT MEDICAL SYMPTOMS
•Medical condition can lead to pressures & changes of
lifestyle that patient finds unpleasant
•Unplanned & unwanted lifestyle changes can lead to stress
•Patient feels worse than anticipated resulting in acute stress
that interferes with physical recovery
Medical Symptoms

Undesired Life
Stress changes
Empathy

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Define

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 BENEFITS OF HEALTHY PERSON

 less tension, stress and mental fatigue

 a natural energy boost
 a sense of achievement
 more focus and motivation
 feeling less angry or frustrated
 a healthy appetite and
 having fun. Empathy Define

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7 HEALTHY HABITS FOR GREATER PHYSICAL &
MENTAL WELL‑BEING

 Sleep

 Food

 Work out

 Hydration
Empathy Define

 Mindfulness
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 SLEEP

A regulated sleep cycle with 7-9 hours of sleep per night

is essential for mental and physical well-being.
Sleep deprivation has several negative effects on mental
and physical health.
It can lead to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as
well as significantly impair cognitive and motor performance.
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 FOOD
A healthy diet is essential for keeping the mind and body in peak
condition. Everyone has different dietary restrictions and lifestyle choices,
but overall recommendations include : healthy habits
 3-5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day
 8 grams of healthy protein per kilogram of body weight (multiply your
body weight in pounds by 0.36 to get your daily protein suggestion in
grams)
 Avoiding harmful foods and ingredients including: processed foods,
refined sugars, added hormones, GMOs
 Maintaining a slightly alkaline pH balance (a chart showing which foods
are acidic or alkaline can help guide your choices) Empathy Define

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 Meals that are Low in carbohydrates and nutrient-rich

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 WORK OUT

Elevating the heart rate for 20 minutes at a time each

day is sufficient for reaping the rewards of this healthy habit.
This could be a brisk walk, run, bike ride, or hobby that
involves physical activity.
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 HYDRATION

This is one of the most essential healthy habits as our

bodies need water on a more consistent basis than food.

Consuming enough water not only helps hydrate and nourish

us, but it provides a neutral pH, helps detoxify organs, and
Empathy Define

combats food cravings.

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 MINDFULNESS

Mindfulness can be achieved by meditating, or focusing

on being present in the here and now – without attention on
the past or future.
This heightened “state of awareness” provides benefits
such as improved concentration and mental clarity,
emotional intelligence, self-control, and an increased ability
for acceptance and compassion.
All of which lead to a more positive and healthy state of
mind. Empathy

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 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

A part of the process used to evaluate if any particular

situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause
harm.
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 RISK ASSESSMENT

 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to

cause harm (hazard identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
(risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or
control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated
(risk control).
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 GOAL OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

 To find and record possible hazards that may be present

in your workplace.

 To work as a team and include both people familiar with

the work area, as well as people who are not
this way both the experienced and fresh eye can conduct
the inspection. Empathy Define

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 NEED OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

To design and implementation a process

Checklist before tasks
Checklist during tasks
Checklist During inspections
After incidents
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 TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION A PROCESS

 Designing a new process or procedure

 Purchasing and installing new machinery

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 CHECKLIST BEFORE TASKS

 Checking equipment or following processes

 Reviewing surroundings before each shift

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 CHECKLIST DURING TASKS

 Be aware of changes, abnormal conditions, or sudden

emissions
 During inspections

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 CHECKLIST DURING INSPECTIONS

 Formal,
 informal,
 supervisor,
 health and safety committee
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 AFTER INCIDENTS

 Near misses or minor events

 Injuries

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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
 Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such
as maintenance, repair, or cleaning.
 Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials,
products, etc. that are used.
 Include how the tasks are done.
 Look at injury and incident records.
 Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best.
 Include all shifts, and people who work off site either at home, on
other job sites, drivers, teleworkers, with clients, etc.
 Look at the way the work is organized or done (include experience ofEmpathy Define

people doing the work, systems being used, etc). Test

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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
 Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example: possible
impact on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an
emergency situation, power outage, etc.).
 Determine whether a product, machine or equipment can be
intentionally or unintentionally changed (e.g., a safety guard that
could be removed).
 Review all of the phases of the lifecycle.
 Examine risks to visitors or the public.
 Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of
risk such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with Empathy Define

disabilities, or new or expectant mothers.

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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

What materials or equipment could I be struck by?

 moving objects (e.g., forklifts, overhead cranes, vehicles)
 flying objects (e.g., sparks or shards from grinding)
 falling material (e.g., equipment from above)

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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
What objects or equipment could I strike or hit my body upon,
or that part of my body might be caught in, on, or between?
 stationary or moving objects
 protruding objects
 sharp or jagged edges
 pinch points on machines (places where parts are very close
together)
 objects that stick out (protrude)
 moving objects (conveyors, chains, belts, ropes, etc.)
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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION

What could I fall from? (e.g., falls to lower levels)

 objects, structures, tanks, silos, lofts
 ladders, overhead walkways
 roofs
 trees, cliffs

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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION

How could I overexert myself?

 lifting
 pulling
 pushing
 carrying
 repetitive motions
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 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
What other situations could I come across?
 unknown/unauthorized people in area
 a potentially violent situation
 working alone
 confined space
 missing/damaged materials
 new equipment/procedure at work site
 fire/explosion
 chemical spill or release Empathy

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 MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
HAZARDS
 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs).
 Manufacturer’s operating instructions, manuals, etc.
 Test or monitor for exposure (occupational hygiene testing such
as chemical or noise exposure).
 Results of any job safety analysis.
 Experiences of other organizations similar to yours.
 Trade or safety associations.
 Information, publications, alerts, etc. as published by reputable
organizations, labour unions, or government agencies.
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 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION FOR
FRESHER
 ask your supervisor
 ask a member of the health and safety committee or your health and
safety representative
 ask about standard operating procedures and precautions for your
job
 check product labels and safety data sheets
 pay attention to signs and other warnings in your work
 watch for posters or instructions at the entrance of a chemical
storage room to warn of hazardous products
 ask about operating instructions, safe work procedures, processes,
Empathy Define

etc.
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 COUNSELLING

The counselling process is a planned, structured

dialogue between a counsellor and a client.
It is a cooperative process in which a trained
professional helps a person called the client to identify
sources of difficulties or concerns that he or she is
experiencing.
Together they develop ways to deal with and overcome
these problems so that person has new skills and increased
understanding of themselves and others. Empathy

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 PSYCHOLOGY COUNSELLING

A general practice and health service provider specialty

in professional psychology.
It focuses on how people function both personally and
in their relationships at all ages.

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 SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE

 Healthy aspects and strengths of clients (whether being

seen as individuals, couples, families, groups or
organizations.
 Environmental/situational influences (how cultural,
gender and lifestyle issues shape people’s experiences
and concerns).
 Issues of diversity and social justice (e.g., advocacy).
 The role of career and work in peoples’ lives. Empathy Define

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 NEED

It addresses the emotional, social, work, school and

physical health concerns people may have at different stages
in their lives.

It also focus on typical life stresses and more severe

issues with which people may struggle as individuals and as a
part of families, groups and organizations.
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 COUNSELLING IS
•The process that occurs when a client and counsellor set aside
time in order to explore difficulties which may include the stressful
or emotional feelings of the client.
•The act of helping the client to see things more clearly, possibly
from a different view-point. This can enable the client to focus on
feelings, experiences or behaviour, with a goal to facilitating
positive change.
•Confidentiality is paramount to successful counselling.
Professional counsellors will usually explain their policy on
confidentiality, they may, however, be required by law to discloseEmpathy Define

information if they believe that there is a risk to life.

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 COUNSELLING IS NOT
•Giving advice.
•Judgemental.
•Attempting to sort out the problems of the client.
•Expecting or encouraging a client to behave in a way in
which the counsellor may have behaved when confronted
with a similar problem in their own life.
•Getting emotionally involved with the client.
•Looking at a client's problems from your own perspective,
Empathy Define

based on your own value system. Test

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 COUNSELLING PROCESS

1st Stage: Intial Disclosure - Relationship Building

2nd stage: In-depth Exploration - Problem Assessment
3rd stage: Commitment to action - Goal Setting
Step 4: Couselling Intervention
Step 5: Evaluation, Termination or Referral
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 INITIAL DISCLOSURE - RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

The first step involves building a relationship and

focuses on engaging clients to explore issue that directly
affect them.
The first interview is important because the client is
reading the verbal and nonverbal messages and make
inferences about the counsellor and the counselling
situation.
Is the counsellor able to empathies with the client?
Does the client view the counsellor as genuine?
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 IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION - PROBLEM ASSESSMENT

While the counsellor and the client are in the process of

establishing a relationship, a second process is taking place,
i.e. problem assessment.
This step involves the collection and classification of
information about the client’s life situation and reasons for
seeking counselling
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 COMMITMENT TO ACTION - GOAL SETTING

Setting goals is very important to the success of

counselling.
It involves making a commitment to a set of conditions,
to a course of action or an outcome.

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 COUNSELLING THEORIES

 Psychoanalytic theory
 Behaviour theory
 Cognitive theory
 Humanistic theory

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 PSYCHOANALYTICAL COUNSELLING

 Freud maintain that personality development is

connected with three areas of personality: The id, the ego
and Super ego.
 These three areas are in a constant state of interaction
and together determine how an individual behaves
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 HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING

 Individuals should have the freedom to explore their

subjective experience
 The people should be aware of their inner feelings.
 People have the capacity to solve their own problems.
 Counsellor should be genuine, empathic and warm.
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 BEHAVIOURAL COUNSELLING

 The consequences of a behaviour rather than its causes

 The immediate effect of dysfunction behaviour
 The therapeutic interventions that are aimed at
unlearning a dysfunctional behaviour and replacing it
with approved behaviour.
 The motivations for behaviour are mainly environmental.
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 COGNITIVE THEORY

 All human beings are rational and have the capacity to

reason.
 No two people will respond to an event in the same way,
so it is not events that produce bad feelings but the way
these events are interpreted.
 Emotions and behaviour are determined by thinking
behaviour.
 Counsellors will help clients understand how their
thinking influences their emotional responses.
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 DESIGN PROCESS PLANNING &
L T P J C
MEE3502 MANAGEMENT 2 0 2 4 4
Lecture
Module Managing Health and Safety
Hours

Safety and security policies, policies and standards.

Industry pollution and hazards. Comply with organisation’s
current health, safety and security policies and procedures,
Report any identified breaches in health, safety, and
5 Security policies and procedures, Identify, report and 4
correct any hazards, emergency procedures, Identify and
recommend opportunities for improving health, safety, and
security. Physical and mental health practices.
Psychological counselling process.