Lecturer Muhammad Salim Chapter # 01 ( Matrices)

Exercise 1.1
1. Which of the following are square and which are rectangular matrices?
i) (ii)

(iii)
Solution (i):

Since
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 2
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 2
Such that, m n
Therefore, by definition, the matrix is a square matrix.
Solution (ii):

Since
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 2
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 3
Such that, m n
Therefore, by definition, the matrix is a rectangular matrix.
Solution (iii):

Since
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 3
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 3
Such that, m n
Therefore, by definition, the matrix is a square matrix.
Solution (iv):

Since
The number of row ‘m’ in matrix 1
And
The number of column ‘n’ in matrix 1
Such that, m n
Therefore, by definition, the matrix is a square matrix.
Solution (v):

Since
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 1
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 2
Such that, m n
Therefore, by definition, the matrix is a rectangular matrix.
Solution (vi):

Since
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 2
And
The number of column ‘n’ in matrix 1
Such that, m n
Therefore, by definition, the matrix is a rectangular matrix.
2) List the order of the following matrices.
(i) (ii) , (iii) (iv) ,
(v) (vi)
Solution (i):

Since,
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix A 2
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix A 3
Therefore, by definition
The order of given matrix A 2 × 3
Solution (ii):

Since,
The number of row ‘m’ in matrix 1
And
The number of column ‘n’ in matrix 1
Therefore, by definition
The order of given matrix 1 × 1
Solution (iii):

Since,
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 2
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 3
Therefore, by definition
The order of given matrix 2 × 3
Solution (iv):

Since,
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 3
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 2
Therefore, by definition
The order of given matrix 3 × 2
Solution (v):

Since,
The number of row ‘m’ in matrix 1
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 2
Therefore, by definition
The order of given matrix 1 × 2
Solution (vi):

Since,
The number of rows ‘m’ in matrix 3
And
The number of columns ‘n’ in matrix 3
Therefore, by definition
The order of given matrix 3 × 3
3) If
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
Solution:
We are given that
We compare A with general form of matrix of order 4 × 3

By comparing we get,
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
4) Which of the following matrices are equal.

Solution:
i) Since the order of matrices A and D are same
ii) Their corresponding elements are equal
Therefore, the matrices A and D are equal

iii) Since the order of matrices B and C are same

iv) Their corresponding elements are equal
Therefore, the matrices B and C are equal
Solution:

The by comparing the corresponding elements in above equality we have,

Thus, for
The matrices A and B are equal.
 Given that

Comparing the corresponding elements in above equation, we get

(iii)

From (i) , From (ii) z =6-4 z = 2

From (iii) -7+2 = 3y-2y -5 = y 0r y=-5
From (iv) a=-3+1 a= -2 From (v) -3-4 = 2b-b -7 = b or b= -7
From (vi) 0 = 2c + 2 -2 = 2c or c= -1
Therefore
7) Solve the following equation for a, b, c, d.

Solution: We are given that

Comparing the corresponding elements in above equation, we get

a + b = -1 (i), b + 2c = 4 (ii), 2c + d = 8 (iii), 2a - d = 0 (iv),
From (i) a = -1 – b ( v) From (iv) 2a = d or a = d / 2 (vi)
Comparing the equations (v) and (vi), we get,
d / 2 = -1 – b d = 2(-1 – b) or d= -2 - 2b (vii),
From (iii) 2c + d = 8 => 2c = 8 – d (Putting equation (vii) here)
2c = 8 –(-2-2b) 2c = 8 + 2 + 2b 2c = 10 + 2b (ix)
From (ii) b = 4 – 2c b = 4 –(10 + 2b) b = 4 – 10 -2b
b = -6 -2b b + 2b = -6 3b = -6 or b = -2
Putting b = -2 in equation (ix), we get
2c = 10 + 2(-2) 2c = 10 – 4 2c = 6 or c = 3
Putting b = -2 in equation (vii),
d= -2 – 2(-2) d = -2 + 4 => d = 2
Putting d = 2 in equation (iv), we get
a=2/2 a=1
Therefore
a = 1, b = -2, c = 3 and d = 2
This completes Exercise 1.1