HUMAN BEHAVIOR

LEARNING STYLES
BASED ON
JUNG'S THEORY OF PERSONALITY
 INTRODUCTION
Learning is a primitive adaptive trait of all living things in the animal kingdom, which can be
found in more developed states in the higher evolutionary level. Adaptive traits can be
habituation, response, reactions etc. The learning styles, in human beings, are the tendency to
receive, analyze and experiment ideas and concepts. How human beings learn, has been a
subject of study since ancient times. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC) has
extensively written about learning.
Thinkers, theorist, psychologists and educationists have researched on learning and developed
many learning theories. Carl Jung is one of the influential theorists of learning styles. Modern
day learning styles and theories are more or less based on Jung’s learning styles.
 CARL GUSTAV JUNG

Carl Gustav Jung (26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961), who is often referred
to as C. G. Jung, was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who
founded analytical psychology. Jung proposed and developed the
concepts of extraversion and introversion; archetypes, and the
collective unconscious. His work has been influential in psychiatry
and in the study of religion, philosophy, archeology, anthropology,
literature, and related fields. He was a prolific writer, many of whose
works were not published until after his death.
 JUNGIAN LEARNING STYLES
Learning styles affect how well we learn under certain conditions. Some students learn best by
hearing information, while others learn best by seeing it. Different theories have emerged to
describe how students prefer to learn best, including Jungian learning styles. Jung’s theory
focuses on the following basic psychological functions

1. Extraversion
2. Introversion
3. Sensation
4. Intuition
5. Thinking
6. Feeling
7. Judging
8. Perceiving
 EXTRAVERTED LEARNING STYLE
The first component of the Jungian learning style dimensions indicates how learners interact
with the outside world. Extraverted learners enjoy generating energy and ideas from other
people. They prefer socializing and working in groups. Learning activities that benefit
extraverted learners include teaching others how to solve a problem, collaborative work, and
problem-based learning. If you enjoy teaching others, participating in a group, and learning by
experience, you are probably an extraverted learner. Approximately 60% of learners are
extraverted learners.
Characteristics of Extravert Learners
1. Learn best through direct experience
2. Enjoy working with others in groups
3. Often gather ideas from outside sources
4. Willing to lead, participate and offer opinions
5. Jump right in without guidance from others
 INTROVERTED LEARNING STYLE
While introverted learners are still sociable, they prefer to solve problems on their own.
Introverted learners enjoy generating energy and ideas from internal sources, such as
brainstorming, personal reflection, and theoretical exploration. These learners prefer to think
about things before attempting to try a new skill. If you enjoy solitary studying, individual work,
and abstract ideas, you are probably an introverted learner. Approximately 40% of learners are
introverted learners.
Characteristics of Introvert Learners
1. Prefer to work alone
2. Enjoy quiet, solitary work
3. Often generate ideas from internal sources
4. Prefer to listen, watch and reflect
5. Like to observe others before attempting a new skill.
 SENSING LEARNING STYLE
Sensing learners are focused on aspects of the physical environment. Jung described these
individuals as being interested in the external world. They tend to be realistic and practical,
preferring to rely on information gained through experience. While people with a sensing
learning style enjoy order and routine, they also tend to be very quick to adapt to changing
environments and situations. Approximately 65% of learners have a sensing learning style.
Characteristics of Sensing Learners
1. Focus on the present
2. Practical and reasonable
3. Use experience and common sense to solve problems
4. Keenly observe the surrounding world
 INTUITIVE LEARNING STYLE
Intuitive learners tend to focus more on the world of possibility. Unlike sensing learners, who are
interested in the here and now, intuitive learners enjoy considering ideas, possibilities, and
potential outcomes. These learners like abstract thinking, daydreaming, and imagining the
future. Approximately 35% of learners are intuitive learners.
Characteristics of Intuitive Learners
1. Prefer to work in short sessions, rather than finishing a task all at once
2. Enjoy new challenges, experiences, and situations
3. More likely to look at the big picture rather than the details
4. Like theories and abstract ideas
 THINKING LEARNING STYLE
Individuals with a thinking learning style tend to focus more on the structure and function of
information and objects. Thinking learners use rationality and logic when dealing with problems
and decisions. These learners often base decisions on personal ideas of right, wrong, fairness,
and justice. Approximately 55% of males and 35% of females have a thinking learning style.
Characteristics of Thinking Learners
1. Interested in logic and patterns
2. Dislike basing decisions on emotions
3. Make decisions based on reason and logic
 FEELING LEARNING STYLE
People with a feeling style manage information based on the initial emotions it generates. They
are interested in personal relationships, feelings, and social harmony. If you base decisions on
emotions and dislike conflict, you might have a feeling learning style. Approximately 45% of
males and 65% of females are feeling learners.
Characteristics of Feeling Learners
1. Interested in people and their feelings
2. In tune with their own emotions and those of other people
3. Base decisions on immediate feelings
4. Generate excitement and enthusiasm in group settings
 JUDGING LEARNING STYLE
Judging learners tend to be very decisive. In some cases, these learners may make decisions too
quickly, before learning everything they need to know about a situation. These learners prefer
order and structure, which is why they tend to plan out activities and schedules very carefully.
If you are highly organized, detail-oriented, and have strong opinions, you might be a judging
learner. Approximately 45% of people are judging learners.
Characteristics of Judging Learners
1. Do not like ambiguity or mystery
2. Tend to be firm in their decisions
3. Very organized and structured
4. Have strong opinions
5. Generally follow the rules
 PERCEIVING LEARNING STYLE
Perceiving learners tend to make decisions impulsively in response to new information and
changing situations. However, these learners tend to focus more on indulging their curiosity
rather than making decisions. Unlike judging learners who tend not to change their minds,
perceiving learners prefer to keep their options open. If you tend to start many projects at once
(often without finishing any of them), avoid strict schedules, and jump into projects without
planning, you might be a perceiving learner. Approximately 55% of people are perceiving
learners.
Characteristics of Perceiving Learners
1. Often make impulsive decisions
2. Change decisions based on new information
3. Dislike structure and organization
4. Tend to be very flexible and adaptable
5. Sometimes have trouble making decisions