Vehicle Dynamics

Vehicle Acceleration – Effect of Load

Transfer

Dr. Budi Waluyo, MT

5 Oktober 2023
Vehicle Acceleration
 Front wheel drive

F=m.a

Tractive
effort (Te)
Rf Rr

The maximum tractive effort (Te) that can be applied is governed by the coefficient of friction ⍵ between
the tyre and the driving surface.
The coefficient of friction
⍵ = = Newton/Newton
This means that
Te = ⍵ × force pressing surfaces together
 Static reaction at the front wheels – load transfer
= > RF − F. h/b
So…… Maximum Tractive Effort for front wheel drive: Te = F = m.a

Te = ⍵.(RF − F. h/b)

the front wheels – load

transfer
coefficient of friction

Te

so…..
Te = ⍵.(RF − F. h/b)

Þ F = ⍵.(RF − F. h/b), because F = m.a, so…..

Þ m.a = ⍵.(RF − m.a. h/b)

Maximum Acceleration – rear wheel drive

In this case, maximum tractive

effort

=>Te = µ[RR + Fh/b]

=>m.a = µ[RR + Fh/b]

=>m.a = µ[RR + m.a.h/b]

Four wheel drive – fixed
The drive is now transmitted through all four points of
contact of the tyres on the driving surface;
The force pressing down on the surface is the weight
of the vehicle mass × gravitational constant mg

The maximum tractive effort

Te = μ.mg.
Example
A vehicle of weight = 1.8 tones has wheelbase of 2.6 m and its Centre of Gravity is
0.7 m above ground level and midway between the axles. If the coefficient of
friction between the tires and the road is 0.7, calculate the maximum acceleration
that is possible on a level surface:

(a) when the vehicle has front wheel drive;

(b) when the vehicle dimensions are the same but rear wheel drive is used.

Take g = 9.81m/s2
 Solution
Known
m = 1800 kg
b = 2.6 m
h= 0.7 m
⍵ = 0.7
x = y = 2,6/2 = 1.3 m (midway between the axles)
g = 9.81 m/s2

Asked :Max acceleration when the vehicle has front wheel drive
1. Front wheel drive
2. Rear wheel drive

Solution
RF = RR = m. g / 2 = (1800 x 9.81)/2 = 8829 Newton

Þ By substituting in (m.a = ⍵.RF - ⍵.m.a. h/b)

Þ So……..
1. For Front wheel drive 2. For Rear wheel drive

Þ m.a = ⍵.RF - ⍵.m.a. h/b Þ m.a = ⍵.RR + ⍵.m.a. h/b

Þ m.a + ⍵.m.a. h/b = ⍵.RF Þ m.a - ⍵.m.a. h/b = ⍵.RR

Þ a.(m + ⍵.m. h/b ) = ⍵.RF Þ a.(m - ⍵.m. h/b ) = ⍵.RR

Þa = Þa =

Þa = Þa =

Þ a = = 2.89 m/s2 Þ a = = 4.23 m/s2

Thank You for your attention………………… !!!!!
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