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Year 8 Science
Multicellular organisms
Lesson 10 – respiratory system

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022
 Handy tips for this lesson
View the lesson in slide show mode to use the buttons:

• Use the arrows in the top right corner to go to the next

or previous slide.

• Click the home button to go back to the first slide.

• Some slides have audio. Click on the speaker button to listen.

• Some slides may be interactive. Click the button for extra elements.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022
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Get ready
You will need:
• pen or pencil
• paper or a notebook
• a digital device.

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Solutions to challenge in lesson 9

Human gas exchange Plant gas exchange
How are they alike?​
• They both involve the gas exchange between the internal and external environments.
• ​Oxygen is essential for all cells to carry out cellular respiration to release energy from the nutrients they have
consumed.
• Once inside, the gas diffuses across the membranes of moist cells.

How are they different?​

• T​ he diaphragm muscle controls the inhalation and
exhalation of gases while the nose is constantly
open.
• C​ arbon dioxide gas uptake for the process of
photosynthesis.
• ​Stomata open and close with the help of guard cells,
which control the diameter of the pore by changing
shape to enable gas exchange.

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Learning intention
To understand the human respiratory system.

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The respiratory system

Watch the video below on the respiratory system.

When finished viewing this video, please return to your slideshow lesson.
Watch Respiratory System Basics on YouTube (MooMooMath and Science, 2020, 00:00 – 02:07)

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
 Task
Copy the diagram of the
respiratory system and label all of
the structures using the terms in
the table.

alveoli larynx (voice box) bronchial

tube
diaphragm pharynx (throat) bronchiole
lung trachea (windpipe) nasal passage

Source: Adapted from Storyset, by Freepik, by Department for Education, the

Government of South Australia

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
 .

Task
Trace the movement of air through the respiratory tract.

Source: Adapted from Storyset, by Freepik, by Department for Education, the Government of South Australia

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Cloze activity
Copy and complete the cloze on the respiratory system by using the words
in the box to fill in the blanks.
air trachea inhale cough
lungs yawn respiratory pharynx
carbon dioxide diaphragm bronchi nose
hiccup mouth water vapour exhale
oxygen sneeze blood
exhale

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Cloze activity
All animals need ____________ to make energy from food. We get
this oxygen from the ____________ that we breathe. In order to
get the oxygen into the blood where it can be transported to the
rest of the body, the air travels through a system of organs called
the ____________ system. When you ____________, air enters
the body through the ____________ or the ____________.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Cloze activity
From there it passes through the ____________, which forces air
into the ____________. The air travels down the trachea into
two branching tubes called ____________ and then on into the
____________. In the lungs oxygen from the air enters the
____________. At the same time, the waste gas ____________
leaves the blood and then leaves the body when you
____________.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Cloze activity
Some ____________ also leaves the body when you exhale,
which is why mirrors get foggy when you breathe on them. The
____________ is the muscle that controls the lungs. It is
important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can
keep flowing into your body. If something gets in your nose and
irritates it, you ____________. If something gets in your trachea
or bronchi and irritates it, you ____________.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Cloze answers

All animals need oxygen to make energy from food. We get this
oxygen from the air that we breathe. In order to get the oxygen
into the blood where it can be transported to the rest of the
body, the Click on thethrough
air travels green box to reveal
a system the answers
of organs called the
respiratory system. When you inhale, air enters the body
through the nose or the mouth.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Cloze answers continued

From there it passes through the pharynx, which forces air into
the trachea. The air travels down the trachea into two branching
tubes called bronchi and then on into the lungs. In the lungs
oxygen fromClick
theon
airthe green
enters thebox to reveal
blood. the
At the answers
same time, the
waste gas carbon dioxide leaves the blood and then leaves the
body when you exhale.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
 .

Cloze answers continued

Some water vapour also leaves the body when you exhale, which
is why mirrors get foggy when you breathe on them. The
diaphragm is the muscle that controls the lungs. It is important
to keep theClick
respiratory systembox
on the green clear so oxygen
to reveal the can keep flowing
answers
into your body. If something gets in your nose and irritates it, you
sneeze. If something gets in your trachea or bronchi and irritates
it, you cough.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
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Review
The respiratory system is made up of a number of organs.

nasal passage (nose)

bronchiole
pharynx (throat)
larynx (voice box)

trachea (windpipe) alveoli

bronchial tube

lungs

Source: Adapted from Storyset, by Freepik, by Department for Education, the Government
of South Australia

diaphragm
© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
 Challenge
Explain why we have about 500 million alveoli in our lungs.
Draw a picture to help with your explanation.

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 .

Key terms
Word Definition
Bronchiole The smallest subdivision in the bronchial tubes. At the end of the bronchioles
are air sacs, called alveoli.
Alveoli Very small air sacs that are the final place air goes when breathed in. Blood
passes through capillaries that are embedded in the alveoli walls, taking up
oxygen from the air and giving off carbon dioxide.
Cilia Very small hairs that line the bronchial tubes. Their wave-like motion carries
mucus up and out into the throat. The mucus catches and holds much of the
dust, germs and other unwanted particles that find their way into the lungs,
and releases them from the body by coughing and sneezing.

© Department for Education, the Government of South Australia, Learning at home, 2022​
 .

Key terms
Word Definition
Rib A bone that both supports and protects the chest cavity and lungs.
Sinus Hollow space in the bones of the head with small openings that connect to the
nose. The sinuses help regulate temperature and humidity of incoming air, as
well as serving to lighten the bone structure of the head.
Tonsil Almond-shaped lymph nodes in the wall of the throat. They fight unwanted
germs and can become infected.

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