Grade 7 Science

SEPARATING MIXTURES
 SEPARATION
TECHNIQUES
How do we separate heterogeneous
and homogeneous mixtures?
Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures
1. Mechanical Sorting:
Used to separate the parts of a
mixture based on properties such
as particle size.
Examples:
floatation (this help you to skim the fat
off soup)
magnetism
 magnetism

floatation
2. FILTRATION:
A common way to separate
solid particles from a mixture.

The filters can have holes of varying

sizes… small to microscopic.
 Coffee filter Oil filter

Colander
Furnace filter
 3. EVAPORATION:

Change of state from a liquid to a gas.

Used to recover a solid solute from a
solution. As the liquid (solvent)
evaporates, the solute is left
behind. Example: salt water
4. DISTILLATION:
Simple distillation uses two changes
of state: evaporation (solution
must boil)and condensation (when
cooling occurs).
It allows you to recover BOTH the
solute and solvent from a solution.
 Simple Distillation

Evaporation

Condensation

condenser
Residue (solute)
stays behind

Distillate (solvent) is
collected here
 Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation is a process that uses the boiling points of
substances to separate a complex mixture into its parts.
The process is done in a two tower structure:
•shorter tower- petroleum is heated to change it into a mixture of
gases.
•taller tower – gases are pumped here and the hot gases rise and
cool.
5. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY:

Used to separate the colored

substances in a mixture such
as ink.
Used to separate the solvents
in a mixture.
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Brain Exercise
If you mix powdered black carbon and salt together, you will have a
mixture of two solids.

How can you separate the carbon from the salt?

Step-By-Step
1. Determine the properties of both substances.
Powdered carbon Salt

2. How to separate?
Add and stir.
Separate substances using
. Now, you have a .
Heat up until completely
evaporates.
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN THE HOME:

What do these separate?

Colanders
Clothes dryers
Coffee percolators
Salad spinners
Any others?