Reducing Adverb

Clause Into Adverb

Phrases
GROUP 4 : 1. FADILAH RIZQI AMALIAH 1810231050
2. MUHAMMAD ARYADIVA 1710231018
3. RIZKI BETSAIDA SUPARYONO 1910231051
4. SULAIMAN BANENG 1810231056
 DEFINITION

Reduced Adverb Clauses is an adverb(ial) clause that

has been shortened to a phrase, usually by omitting its
subject and a form of be In conventional usage, an
adverb clause can be reduced to a phrase only when the
subject of the adverb clause is the same as the subject
of the independent clause.
An adverb clause can be changed to a modifying phrase only
when the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of the
main clause are the same. A modifying adverbial phrase that
is the reduction of an adverb clause modifies the subject of the
main clause. For example :

 Adverb clause : While I was walking to class, I ran into an

old friend.
 Modifying phrase : While walking to class, I ran into an old
friend.
 CHANGING TIME CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

Adverb clause beginning with while can be changed to modifying adverbial

phrases. Clause beginning with after, before and since can also be reduced to
modifying phrases. For example :

 “Since” Clause : Since Ellen returned to school, she has been very busy
Phrase : Since returning to school, Ellen has been very busy.

 “Before” Clause : Before Ellen returned to school, she had a lot of free
time.
Phrase : Before returning to school, Ellen had a lot of free time.
 EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT IN MODIFYING
ADVERBIAL PHRASE

When expressing cause and effect with modifying adverbial phrases, the word
because is not included. The –ing phrase expresses cause and effect on its own.
This is similar to how while can be omitted from “during the same time” clauses.
Unlike the optional omission of white, it is mandatory to drop because when
reducing a cause and effect clause to a phrase. For example :

 Clause : Because she needed to buy a new car, Rachel applied for a loan
from the bank.
 Correct phrase : Needing to buy a new car, Rachel applied for a loan from
the bank.
 Incorrect phrase : Because needing to buy a new car, Rachel applied for a
loan from the bank.
 Using “Upon + -ing” in Modifying Adverbial
Phrases

Modifying phrases beginning with upon + -ing usually have the same
meaning as clauses that begin with when (“at that time”). Upon is rarely
used by native English speakers in everyday conversation. It is more
common to use the shorted form on. For example :

 When I reached the summit of Stone Mountain, I took a photograph

of the park below.
 Upon reaching the summit of Stone Mountain, I took a photograph
of the park below.
 On reaching the summit of Stone Mountain, I took a photograph of
the park below.
THANK YOU