“COVID -19 PANDEMIC

EFFECTS ON HUMANS
AND ECONOMY”

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 COVID-19 Pandemic
 COVID-19 pandemic, also
known as the coronavirus
pandemic, is a global pandemic
of coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19)
 It is caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)
 The novel virus was first
identified in an outbreak in the
Chinese city of Wuhan in
December 2019
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 TERMINOLOGY
 In epidemiology, a pandemic is defined as "an epidemic
occurring over a very wide area, crossing international
boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
people“
 During the COVID-19 pandemic, as with other
pandemics, the meaning of this term has been challenged
 During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease
were commonly referred to as "coronavirus", "Wuhan
coronavirus", "the coronavirus outbreak" and the "Wuhan
coronavirus outbreak", with the disease sometimes called
"Wuhan pneumonia"

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 In January 2020, the WHO recommended 2019-nCoV
and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim
names for the virus and disease per 2015 international
guidelines against using geographical locations (e.g.
Wuhan, China), animal species, or groups of people in
disease and virus names in part to prevent social
stigma
 WHO finalized the official names COVID-19 and
SARS-CoV-2 on 11 February 2020

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 Tedros Adhanom explained: CO for corona,
VI for virus, D for disease and 19 for when the
outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019)
 WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and
"the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public
communications
 Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the
virus to spread to other areas of Asia and
later worldwide in 2020

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 The World Health Organization (WHO) declared
the outbreak a public health emergency of
international concern (PHEIC) on 30 January
2020
 The WHO ended its PHEIC declaration on 5 May
2023
 As of 19 October 2023, the pandemic had caused
771,407,061 cases and 6,972,139 confirmed
deaths, ranking it fifth in the deadliest epidemics
and pandemics in history

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 Health Impacts
 The health impacts of pandemics are disastrous
 During the Black Death pandemic, ~30–50% of the
population of Europe wiped out
 In the 1980s, 35 million people died due to HIV,
AIDS, and Ebola in 2014, which caused 10,600
deaths in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia in West
Africa
 Pandemic affects the young and economically
active population disproportionately

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 Economic Impacts
 Pandemics cause a short-term fiscal impact and a long-term
economic impact on the nations around the world
 Efforts to curb the pandemic include imposing quarantine,
preparing health facilities, isolating infectious cases, and
tracing contacts involving public health resources, human
resources and implementation costs
 It also involves health system expenditures to provide
health facilities to infectious cases and the arrangement of
consumables such as antibiotics, medical supplies, and
personal protective equipment

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 Pandemics can also result in declined tax revenues and
increased expenditure, which causes fiscal stress, especially in
lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) where fiscal
constraints are higher, and tax systems still need improvement
 Economic shocks are common during pandemics due to
shortage of labor because of illness, rise in mortality, and a
fear-induced behavior
 Other than labor shortages, disruption of transportation,
closed down of workplaces, restricted trade and travel, and
closed land border are reasons for the pandemic's economic
slowdown.

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 REFERENCES

 https://
www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/f
pubh.2021.632043/full

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 ANY
QUESTIONS
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THANK
YOU
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