A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

“POWER ELECTRONICS IN FUTURE ELECTRICAL POWER GRIDS”

PREPARED BY:
MAGAR ASHWINI DEVDATTA
ROLL NO:-14
GUIDED BY:
PROF. GOPHANE MAM.

ACADEMIC YEAR- 2022-23

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
S.B.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CONTENT

•Introduction
•Electrical Power Grid System
•Power Electronics System For The Electrical Power Grid
•Power Quality Analyzer
•Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Dc link
•IGBT
•Application
•Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Power electronics may
substantially improve the
controllability & stability of power
grids. The high cost for system
installation and maintenance as
well as the relatively poor
reliability of power electronics
equipment compared to the
traditional equipment make it
difficult to be used widely in
exciting power grids. However, this
situation may change if some new
proposed designs of electrical
power grids become realistic
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ELECTRICAL POWER
GRID SYSTEM
An electrical grid is an interconnected
network for delivering electricity from
suppliers to consumers.
-it consist of main components
1. power station that produces electricity
from combustible fules or non-combustible
fules .
2. Transmission lines that carry electricity
from power plants to demand centres .
3. Transformers that reduce voltage so
distribution lines carry power for final
delivery.

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POWER ELECTRONICS FOR THE ELECTRIC
POWER GRID

Profound changes affecting the electric power sector offer an

unprecedented opportunity to transform the grid. Increasing needs for
flexibility, reliability, and resilience in the transmission and distribution
(T&D) system require technologies and techniques not conceived of
when much of the current infrastructure was deployed. During this
period of transition, the deployment of new technologies will play a
critical role in shaping the future grid.

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POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
Power quality analyzer is the
equipment to measure the
quality of the electrical power
network. Beside the basic
values like voltage, current and
power. A power quality
analyzer (PQM) can measure
also values like harmonics, dips,
swells, flicker etc.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM / WORKING PRINCIPLE
A typical power analyzer consists of two isolated channels for voltage and current input. The voltage input has
an attenuator and the current input has a built-in current shunt. These inputs are sampled and this sampled data
is analyzed by a high-speed Digital Signal Processing unit. It also contains an FPGA unit to interface all other
units. A separate CPU is provided which takes the input from DSP for displaying results, storing them, and
transmitting them over wireless channels.

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 APPLICATIONS

• To identify the electrical issues.

• Record the total cost of electrical
energy consumed.
• To control and reduce the unnecessary
usage of power
• Accurate power measurements for variable
speed motor analysis

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VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE (VFD) DC
LINK
What is a VFD?
VFD stands for Variable Frequency Drive. As its name suggests it is an
adjustable frequency drive that varies the frequency of the AC supply.
Since the speed of an induction motor depends on the supply
frequency, the VFD can be used to vary its speed.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM / WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Generally, a VFD is made of four blocks or sections where each section
has its own function. The four blocks or sections of a VFD are Rectifier,
DC bus/filter, Inverter and Control Unit. The block diagram of a VFD is
also given below

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WORKING PRINCIPLE

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DC LINK CONVERSION

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APPLICATION
• AC link harmonics
• Switching frequency foldback
• Noise smoothing
• Dynamic braking
• Motor bearing currents

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IGBT
What is IGBT?
• IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistor) is a three terminal
power switch having high input
impedance like PMOSFET and low
on-state power loss as in BJT
(Bipolar Junction Transistor). Thus,
IGBT is a combined form of best
qualities of both BJT and
PMOSFET. This is the most popular
power switch among the power-
electronics engineers and find a
great variety of applications.
CONSTRUCTION / WORKING PRINCIPLE
• IGBT is made of four layers of
semiconductor to form a PNPN structure.
The collector © electrode is attached to P
layer while the emitter € is attached
between the P and N layers. A P+ substrate
is used for the construction of IGBT. An N-
layer is placed on top of it to form PN
junction J1. Two P regions are fabricated
on top of N- layer to form PN junction J2.
The P region is designed in such a way to
leave a path in the middle for the gate (G)
electrode. N+ regions are diffused over the
P region as shown in the figure.

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APPLICATIONS
• It is used in SMPS (Switched
Mode Power Supply) to supply
power to sensitive medical
equipment and computers.
• It is used in UPS (Uninterruptible
Power Supply) system.
• It is used in chopper and
inverters.
• It is used in AC and DC motor
drives offering speed control.

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CONCLUSION

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THANK YOU