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THE UNITED KINGDOM’ S CASTLES
 INTRODUCTION
The Castle is originally a medieval building with
a housing role, while perceived of protecting a
noble family and symbolize a feudal authority.
Castles in the UK have a great importance.
Every castles has a story and impresses with the
construction and its general appearance. Most
castles in the UK are very old and if you know
their history they become even more interesting.
THE UNITED KINGDOM
 Chapter I – CASTLES IN SCOTLAND
There are approximately 3000 castles in Scotland and
the one that I found most significant is Edinburgh.
EDINBURGH

Edinburgh Castle is one of the

oldest fortified places in Europe.
With a long rich history as a royal
residence, military garrison, prison
and fortress, it is alive with many
exciting tales. Though parts of it
remain in military use, the castle is
now a world-famous visitor
attraction. It’s also an iconic part
of the Old and New Towns of
Edinburgh World Heritage Site.
Ancient Stronghold

Set upon its mighty rock, Edinburgh Castle’s

strategic advantage is clear. Seeing the site’s
military potential, Iron Age people built a hill
fort on the rock

The castle defences have evolved over

hundreds of years. Mons Meg, one of the
greatest medieval cannons ever made, was
given to King James II in 1457.
 FIGHT FOR THE CASTLE
An immersive exhibition telling the dramatic
story of Edinburgh Castle during the Wars of
Independence.
The exhibition is located in the Argyle Tower.
This is midway up the Lang Stairs between the
middle and Upper wards.
 THE GREAT HALL
A wonder of medieval Scotland, the Great Hall was
completed in 1511 for King James IV. Its wooden roof is
one of the most superb in Britain. Giant beams rest on
stones carved with heads and symbols such as the
thistle – a badge of Scotland.
The Great Hall is located in the very heart of the Castle
in Crown Square.
 THE ROYAL PALACE
Kings and queens lived amidst the comfort and
splendour of the Royal Palace. Crown Square took
shape over time, with King James IV completing the
quadrangle in the early 1500s. Some key moments in
Scotland’s history took place within the palace walls.
James VI had a remarkable life. Crowned king of
Scotland at just 13 months old, he became the first
monarch of both Scotland and England in 1603. His
birth chamber is a highlight for many castle visitors
today.
King Charles I was the last monarch to stay at the
palace. He slept here on 17 June 1633, the night
before his Scottish coronation.
THE UNITED KINGDOM
 Chapter II – CASTLES IN WALES
Wales had about 400 castles, of which over 100 are still
standing, either as ruins or as restored buildings. One
can be mentioned is Caernarfon.
 The Origins of
Caernarfon Castle
This earlier version of
Caernarfon Castle came
into possession of the
Welsh princes following
the recapture of Gwynedd
in 1115.
 The location and construction
Castell Caernarfon (as it is referred to in Welsh) is
situated between mainland North Wales and Anglesey
(Ynys Mon), in Caernarfon, Gwynedd.
Its strategically chosen location, at the southern end of
the Menai Straits, allowed for sea access between the
north and western Welsh coasts.
Caernarfon castle is comprised of 4 main towers;
Black Tower, Chamberlain Tower, Eagle Tower and
Queen’s Tower
The fortress was incredibly grand by design: the ten-
sided Eagle Tower alone measures more than 10m
across at its base and would have had more than three
floors and countless annexes. The walls of the castle
were up to 20 feet thick in places.
The intention was for Caernarfon to be the Royal
Palace in Wales and the home of the Prince of Wales,
his family and attendants.
SOME MUST-SEE OBJECTS IN
CAERNARFON
SOME MUST-SEE OBJECTS IN
CAERNARFON

The Curtain Walls

The castle's curtain or bailey walls enclose two
bailey courtyards (aka wards), the lower and
the upper bailey. Four of the 12 towers built
into the curtain wall contained accommodation
on different floors, a necessity for the 350 or so
servants who would have been employed in the
castle.
SOME MUST-SEE OBJECTS IN
CAERNARFON
The Town Walls
The castle protected a significant nearby settlement which
was given additional security via enclosing walls measuring
some 734 metres (2,408 ft.) in length. This stone wall had
eight towers, two gateways and essentially fortified the town
against the ever-present threat of raids. The walls also
included a wooden quay, a west and an east gatehouse, and
Saint Mary's Chapel. Enclosing the town in this way was
expensive but it had the added advantage of further
protecting that side of the castle from any attack, although
there was, too, a large dry moat along that side just in case
the town was breached.
SOME MUST-SEE OBJECTS IN
CAERNARFON

The Eagle Tower

The castle keep is the Eagle Tower which was begun 1283 and
completed 1317. It dominates the castle with its three mighty
turrets and received its name from the stone carving of an eagle
attached to one of those turrets. The tower is around 30 metres
(98 ft.) in height and has three floors and a basement which
originally allowed access from the river via a double doorway
with portcullis
THE UNITED KINGDOM
 Chapter III – CASTLES IN ENLAND
When I think of England, I think of castles, which
shares the same thought of many people throughout the
world. England is renowned for variety of castles and
medieval fortresses and one of them is Windsor Castle.
WINDSOR CASTLE
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle
in the world.
Founded by William the Conqueror in the 11th century, it
has since been the home of 40 monarchs.
WHO BUILT WINDSOR
CASTLE?
William the Conqueror chose the
site for Windsor Castle, high above
the River Thames and on the edge
of a Saxon hunting ground. He
began building at Windsor around
1070, and 16 years later the Castle
was complete. The Castle was
originally constructed to guard the
western approach to London. Easy
access from the capital and
proximity to a royal hunting forest
made it an ideal location for a royal
residence.
WHO LIVED AT WINDSOR? CASTLE?
The first king to use Windsor Castle
as a residence was Henry I. Henry’s
marriage to Adela, the daughter of
Godfrey of Louvain, took place in the
Castle in 1121. The first Plantagenet
king, Henry II, lived at Windsor and
built extensively there between 1165
and 1179. Windsor was also one of
the favourite residences of Henry III,
and he invested heavily in the royal
accommodation at the Castle during
his reign from 1216.
The architecture of Windsor Castle…
Windsor Castle grounds cover 13 acres (52,609
square metres) and combines the features of a
fortification, a palace, and a small town. The
present-day castle was created during a sequence
of phased building projects, culminating in the
reconstruction work after a fire in 1992.
Since the 14th century, architecture at the castle
has attempted to produce a contemporary
reinterpretation of older fashions and traditions,
repeatedly imitating outmoded or even antiquated
styles.
HIGHTLIGHTS
HIGHTLIGHTS

TREASURES OF THE CASTLE

While touring the State Apartments and

Semi-State Rooms remember to stop and
admire not only the paintings created by
many famous artists hanging on the walls, but
also the varied displays of objects in each
room. These include the arms and armour in
the Grand Vestibule, elaborate china used in
State Banquets and ornate pieces of furniture.
 HIGHTLIGHTS

ST GEORGE'S CHAPEL
St George's Chapel within the grounds of Windsor
Castle is one of the finest examples of Gothic
architecture in England. Construction of the
present Chapel began in 1475 under the reign of
Edward IV.
The Chapel is the spiritual home of the Order of
the Garter, the senior order of British Chivalry
established in 1348 by Edward III.
Within the Chapel are the tombs of 11 monarchs,
including Queen Elizabeth II, George VI, Henry VIII
and Charles I.
 MOAT ROOM

The Moat Room features a bronze

model of Windsor Castle in 1377, drawing
on the most recent research of how
the Castle looked in the past as one of the
greatest medieval palaces in Europe.

HIGHTLIGHTS
THANK
YOU