GREEK

ARCHITECTURE
3,000- 30 B.C.

RHONA BELLE CANTAGO

CYNTHIA CRISTAL
GEOGRAPHICAL
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 GEOGRAPHICAL

A. THE ‘AEGEAN’ CULTURE WAS STARTED IN

‘CRETE’ AN ISLAND IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
SEA IN ABOUT 3,000 B.C. BY THE MIGRATION OF
THE PEOPLE FROM ASIA MINOR, AFTER THE FALL
OF AEGEAN AND IT’S CULTURE WAS EXTENDED
TO GREECE AND ITS ISLAND CENTURIES LATER.
• IT HAD LINK BY TRADE AND COMMERCE WITH
ASIA MINOR, CYPRUS,SYRIA, PALESTINE, EGYPT,
LYBIA AND AS FAR AS ITALY AND SICILY.
• GEOGRAPHY HAD A GREAT INFLUENCE OF BOTH
AEGEAN AND GREEK CULTURES.
• THEIR MAINLAND AND ISLAND ARE ARE ROCKY,
MOUNTAINOUS WITH FEW SUBSTANTIAL
FORESTS.
• SEA WAS THE MAIN SOURCE OF
COMMUNICATION
• GREECE HAS MORE THAN 1,400 ISLANDS.
 GEOLOGICAL

• THE MOST FREELY AVAILABLE

BUILDING MATERIAL IS STONE.
• LIMESTONE WAS READILY
AVAILABLE AND EASILY
WORKED..
PHARTENON
EXAMPLE OF LIMESTONE
 GEOLOGICAL
• THE MARBLE STUCCO HAD BEEN
USED IN MANY GREEK- TEMPLES AND
PALACES
• THERE IS AN ABUNDANCE OF HIGH
QUALITY MARBLE BOTH ON
THEMAINLAND AND ISLANDS,
PARTICULARLY PAROS AND NAXOS.
MARBLE STUCCO
 CLIMATIC
• THE CLIMATE WAS INTERMEDIATE
RIGOROUS COLD AND RELAXING
HEAT.

• THE HOT SUN AND SUDDEN,

UNEXPECTED SHOWERS OF RAINS
WERETHE REASONS FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION OF PORTICO AND
COLONNADES WHICH HAVE BECOME
CHARACTERISCTIC FEATURE OF THEIR
STYLE.
HISTORICAL AND
SOCIAL
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 HISTORICAL AND
SOCIAL
A. AEGEAN EMBRACES THE
CIVILIZATIONS OF CRETE AND
MAINLAND GREECE FROM
EARLIEST TIMES TO ABOUT
1,100 B.C.
 THERE WERE PARTICULAR INVASION OF MIGRANT
PEOPLES, CAME ORIGINALLY FROM SOUTH RUSSIA. THEY
2,000 B.C.
SPOKE A LANGUAGE SOMETHING LIKE GREEK, AND
INTRODUCED HOUSES ORIGINALLY DESIGNED FOR MORE
WINTRY CLIMATES.

THE WHOLE AEGEAN CULTURE DEVELOPED.

1,800 AND WOMEN TOOK AN IMPORTANT PART IN SOCIAL
1,600 B.C LIFE AND PARTICIPATED IN MOST ACTIVITIES.
1,600 AND THE BRILLIANCE OF
1,400 B.C. CIVILIZATION CONTINUED.

KNOSSOS AND OTHER PALACE TOWNS

1,450- WERE DESTROYED AND THE CIVILIZATION
1,400 B.C. THEY REPRESENTED COLLAPSED IN RUIN.
B. MYCENAEAN OR HELLADIC
GREECE (1,400-1,100 B.C.)
MAINLAND CENTRES HAD
ALWAYS REQUIRED DEFENCE;

• IN 1,200 B.C. THETROJAN WAR

BEGAN
C. HELLENIC GREECE (800-323).
BY THE EIGHT CENTURY B.C. THE
CITY STATE ‘POLIS’ EMERGED AS
THE BASES OF GREEK SOCIETY,
AND ADOPTED AN ALPHABET
FROM THE PHEONICIANS
 THE CITIES OF GREECE HAD SETTLED DOWN
TO THEIR SEVERAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT,
600 B.C.
THE OLIGACHIC, TYRANNIC, OR
DEMOCRATIC.

‘RULE OF FEW’. IT IS A POLITICAL SYSTEM

WHERE A SMALL GROUP OF ELITES
OLIGARCHY
AMASSES THE POWER AND WEALTH IN A
SOCIETY.
 OCCURS WHEN ABSOLUTE POWER IS
TYRANNIC
GRANTED TO BE A RULER

IS A FORM OF GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN

WHICH SUPREME POWER IS VESTED IN THE
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE, WHO HAVE RIGHT TO ELECT THEIR
LEADER AND PARTICIPATE IN DECISION-
MAKING PROCESS.
D. HELLENISTIC GREECE (323-30
B.C.) THE SUCCESSION OF SPARTA
WAS SHORT-LIVED AND THE
FOURTH CENTURY SAW A
SEQUENCE OF ATTEMPTS BY
CITY- STATES TO DOMINATE
GREECE.
• PHILIP (356-336) THE UNIFICATION
OF GREECE WAS ACCOMPLISHED,
AND FIRMLY ESTABLISHED
UNDER HIS SON ALEXANDER THE
GREAT (336-323 B.C.) WHO THEN
EMBARKED ON A NATIONAL
CRUSADE AGAINST PERSIA.
RELIGIOUS
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
RELIGIOUS
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
• THE RELIGION OF THE ‘AEGEAN’
WAS A NATURE WORSHIP WHICH
WENT THROUGH A SERIES OF
PRIMITIVE STAGES
• GREEKS BELIEVED IN AN
UNDERWORLD WHERE THE SPIRITS
OF THE DEAD WENT AFTER DEATH
• THE GREEK RELIGION WAS ALSO A
WORSHIP OF NATURAL PHENOMENA
AND HIGHLY DEVELOPED.
 GREEK DEITIES AND ROMAN NAMES

GREEK (OLYMPIANS) ROMAN

• ZEUS- THE SUPREME GOD, AND RULER OF THE • JUPITER (LOVE)
SKY
• HERA- WIFE OF ZEUS, GODDES OF MARRIAGE • JUNO
• APOLLO- GOD OF LAW AND REASON, ART • APOLLO
MUSIC AND POETRY, FOUNDER OF CITIES
• ATHENA- GODDES OF WISDOM AND LEARNING • MINERVA
• POSEIDON- THE SEA GOD • NEPTUNE
• DIONYSOS- GOD OF WINE, FEASTING AND • BACCHUS
REVELRY
 GREEK (OLYMPIANS) ROMAN
• DEMETER- GODDES OF EARTH AND • CERES
AGRICULTURE
• ARTEMIS- GODDESS OF CHASE • DIANA
• HERMES- MESSENGER OF THE GODS • MERCURY
• APHRODITE- GOD OF COMMERCE • VENUS
• HEPHAESTUS- GOD OF FIRE, FLAME AND • VULCAN
FORGE OF HANDICRAFTS
• ARES- GOD OF WAR • MARS
• HERACLES- GOD OF STRENGTH AND LABOR • HERACULES
PAN, GOD OF THE FLOCKS.
 THANK YOU!!
RHONA BELLE CANTAGO
CYNTHIA CRISTAL