SKELETAL SYSTEM

by CHRISTOPER ALEX R. ABELLA

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
1. Movement: Skeletal system
provides points of attachment
for muscles. Your legs and
arms move when the muscles
pull on the bones.

2. Support: The backbone is the

main support center for the
upper body. It holds your head
up and protects your spinal
cord.

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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
3. Protection: The bones
of your skull protect
your brain. Your ribs
protect your lungs and
heart from injury.
4. Makes Blood: Red and
white blood cells are
formed by tissue called
marrow, which is in the
center of the bone.

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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:

5. Storage: Bones
store minerals, such
as calcium and
phosphorus, for use
by the body

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Major Skeletal System Parts
• Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes
the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
• Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular
skeleton includes the appendages of the
body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips,
and legs.

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Four basic bone
shapes:
1. Long- arms, legs
and fingers
2. Short- wrist and
ankles
3. Flat- skull and
sternum
4. Irregular- spine
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THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
Typical Four Layers:
• Periosteum: Covers Bones
• Compact Bone: Lies
beneath the periosteum
• Spongy Bone: Lies
beneath the compact bone
• Bone Marrow: Fills the
gaps between the spongy
bone

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THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
 Bones are complex living structures
that undergo growth and
development.
 A thin tough outer membrane covers
the bone.
 Beneath the outer membrane is a
layer of compact bone (hard and
dense, but not solid – it is filled with
holes and has small canals for
blood vessels and nerves).
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THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
 Inside the compact bone is a layer
of spongy bone.
 It has many small spaces, is light
weight, but strong.
 Spongy bone is also found at the
ends of bones.
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THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
 In the spaces of many bones there is a soft
connective tissue called marrow.
Two types of Marrow:
• Red
• Yellow
Red Marrow produces most of the body’s blood
cells.
Yellow Marrow stores fat that can serve as an
energy reserve.
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•The structure of bones make it both
strong and light weight.
•20 % of an adult's body weight is
bone.
•Bone is made up of 2 minerals:
Calcium
Phosphorus
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• As an infant, most of your skeleton is
cartilage.
• Cartilage is a strong flexible tissue.
• Over time the cartilage is replaced by
solid bone, usually complete by the
time you stop growing.
• Not all cartilage is replaced in adults.
Many joints contain cartilage,
protecting the ends of bones (ears
and the end of the nose is also How Do Bones
cartilage). Develop?

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Clavicle or Collarbone

The clavicle, or collar

bone, holds the shoulder
joint away from the rest of
the upper body and is
only as thick as your little
finger.

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Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The cervical region
(neck bones)
2) The thorasic region
(what the ribs attach to)
3) The lumbar region
(the lower part of the
back)

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Coccyx and Sacrum

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Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

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Radius and Ulna

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Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

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Metacarpals (Top of Hands)

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Phalanges (Little Fingers)

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Rib Cage

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Sternum (Breastbone)

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PELVIS

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Femur
(Largest Bone in the Body)

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THE TIBIA AND FIBULA

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TARSALS

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METARSALS

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PHALANGES

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• A joint is a place
where two bones
come together.
• Joints allow the
bones to move in
different ways.
• Two types of joints:
 Immovable
 Movable

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What are
Immovable Joints?

• A joint that
allows little or
no movement

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What are Movable Joints?
• Most of the joint are movable joints.
• Allow the body to move in a wide range of
movements.
• Bones in movable joints are held together
by strong connective tissue called
ligaments.
• Four types of movable joints:
• Hinge
• Ball-and-socket
• Pivot
• Gliding

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►Round end of bone fitting

What is a snuggly within another bone.
Ball-and-
Socket Joint? Ex. Shoulder and Hip
►Allows the greatest range of
motion.
The ball-and-socket joint
allows you to swing your arm
freely in a circle.

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What is a • Movement in one direction like
Hinge Joint? a door.
• Ex. Knee and Elbow
• Allows forward or backward
motion.

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What is a Pivot Joint? Bone resting atop

another bone
permitting free
movement.
Ex. Neck, Wrist
and Ankles
Allows one bone
to rotate around
another.
Allows you to
turn your head

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What is a ►Allows one bone to slide

Gliding Joint? over another.
Ex. Knuckles, wrist, ankle
►Allows you to bend and
flex as well as make limited
side to side motions.

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What is a
Ligament? Connects bone to
bone.

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What is a Tendon?

Attaches
muscles to
bones.

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