Characteristics of 3-phase

asynchronous motors
Automatic Electric Drive

Instructor:PhD. Tran Quang Tho

6.1. 3-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
1. Concept
- Electric motors consume about 65% of total electrical energy,
consume about 75% of total electrical energy in industry, and
asynchronous electric machines account for more than 90% of
that.
- The most commonly used asynchronous machines are:
+ Strong character
+ Reliabe
+ Enduring
+ Easy maintenance and relatively cheap
+ More compact and lighter in size than a DC motor of the same
capacity.
2. Structure:
{ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
- A 3-phase asynchronous motor has a fairly simple structure including: 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟

- On the stator steel core, there are 3 windings placed 120 degrees apart in space
- There are 2 types of Rotor:
• Winding Rotor
• Squirrel cage Rotor ( popular)
Winding rotor Squirrel cage rotor (popular)
 Operating principle:

 Synchronous speed

f [Hz] is the frequency

p is the number of magnetic pole pairs
- Thus, when the mains frequency f is
known, the synchronous speed ns can be
determined as shown in Table 6-1 below:
- The stator's rotating magnetic field induces an electromotive force E2 on the rotor guides, creating a
current in the rotor bars as shown in Figure 6-6 , Figure 6-7 and make the rotor rotate in the same
direction as the rotating magnetic field but at speed:
|n| < |ns|
- Characteristic for the deviation between rotor speed and synchronous speed is speed slip s
and is determined as follows:
Speed slip

In which:
6.2. 1-PHASE REPLACEMENT DIAGRAM OF
ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR IN SETTING MODE

- The single-phase equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction motor is obtained by separating the stator
and rotor.

Figure 6-8. Equivalent circuit of 1 phase of the stator

- When the rotor is stationary:

- Assuming that the rotor rotates at speed n, then:

Similar for rotor circuit frequency: The Rotor circuit reactance is;

So the rotor circuit can be as simple as figure 6,9

The Rotor current at speed n is

Figure 6.9. Equivalent circuit of 1 phase of stator and rotor

6.2.One-phase replacement diagram of an asynchronous
motor in the established mode ( cont )

 In order to the calculation more

convenient, we convert the Rotor
circuit towards the Stator as figure with
terms are same volt and capacity is
preserved
Then
And
And the current is

is reactance of Stator circuit

is resistance of Stator circuit
, are characteristic of the circuit from the steel core
is magnetic current
is number of wire loops of Stator
is number of wire loops of Rotor
For analysis of the Rotor circuit, we rewrite:

Then The diagram of one-phase equivalent circuit when splitting rotor resistance is:
On the other hand, since so and we can see reactance of Stator and Rotor serial.

We have:
+

Note:
- Diagram of 1-phase replacement:
• Is the approximate mathematical model of a 3-phase asynchronous motor in the established
mode.
• V volt is the volt of phase ( the rated volt indicated on the 3-phase device label is usually
wire volt)
6.3. Power diagram
Input power capacitor
Lossing in Stator
Electromagnetic power
transmitted through the
air gap
Lossing copper in the
Rotor circuit
Mechanical power that
rotates the rotor shaft
Input power capacitor
6.4 MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

Based on the 1-phasere

placement diagram in this figure,
we have:
According to the capacity diagram in
this figure, we have:

But
This expression is the mechanical
characteristic representing the
relationship between motor torque
and speed slip and this characteristic
has a 3rd order form in S
Therefore, when taking the first derivative of Td with respect to s,
we will get a second-order expression, and when it is equal to 0,
there will be 2 solutions. The locations of the solutions are the
extremes of the mechanical properties.
The solutions would then be:

Replace (1) in
We get
Ví dụ 1: Một động cơ không đồng bộ 3 pha: nối sao; 4 cực; 60Hz; 440V; 50hp; có
mô men=2.5 và smax=0.1, bỏ qua tổn hao điện trở mạch stator và tổn hao cơ. Hãy tính:
a. Tốc độ động cơ khi đầy tải.
b. Tổn hao đồng mạch rotor.
c. Mô men khởi động của động cơ.

Solution:
Ví dụ 2: Một động cơ không đồng bộ 3 pha rotor lồng sóc nối sao: 380V; 4 cực;
50Hz; R1=0.7384; R2’=0.7402; Xeq=2.5. Hãy xác định:
a) Tốc độ và dòng điện động cơ khi kéo tải mô men 42.5 Nm trên đặc tính cơ tự
nhiên?
b) Dòng điện và mô men khởi động của động cơ khi điện áp định mức?

Solution:
a) Đặc tính cơ của động cơ và phụ tải

Khi làm việc ổn định, mô men động cơ bằng với mô men tải,
suy ra:
b) Đặc tính tốc độ như hình sau:

Từ kết quả tính toán cho thấy

rằng: dòng điện khởi động bằng
7.14 lần dòng điện hoạt động bình
thường. Dòng điện này suy giảm
theo thời gian khi tốc độ tăng lên,
nên có thể dựa vào thời gian để
điều khiển chuyển mạch nhằm
kiểm soát dòng khởi động.