What is momentum?

Latin word

Moving power

Hardness to Stop
 What is momentum?
What is momentum?

It is a measure of strength and how difficult it is

to stop an object.

Every moving object has momentum.

Hardness to Stop
What is Momentum?
Is a VECTOR quantity
 Symbol: p
The S.I. unit of momentum is

kg .m/s
The momentum of an object depends on
two variables

How much matter is moving?

Mass
 Mass

Mass is directly proportional to momentum of an object

The heavier or massive objects have greater momentum
The lighter objects have lesser momentum
The momentum of an object depends on
two variables

Velocity How fast the matter is moving?

 Consider the two identical cars on the left.
Velocity Car A is traveling at 80 km/h while
Car B is traveling at 30 km/h.

Velocity is directly proportional to momentum

Faster objects have a higher momentum

Slower objects have a lesser momentum
 MOMENTUM
CHECKPOINT:
• Which has more momentum, a huge truck that is not moving or a
small toy cart that is moving?

Small toy cart

• A bus and a car are travelling along EDSA having the same velocity.
Which of the two vehicles would have a greater momentum?
Bus
 MOMENTUM
CHECKPOINT:
A moving car has momentum. If it moves twice as fast, its momentum
would be__________ as much.

Doubled

Two cars, one twice as heavy as the other, moves down a hill at the same
time. The heavier car would have a _________ momentum.

Greater
 MOMENTUM
Momentum is the product of the mass and
velocity of an object.
- Vector Quantity

Where:
P = momentum = Kilogram.meter/second (Kg.m/s)
m = mass = Kilogram (Kg)
V = velocity = meter/second (m/s)
 MOMENTUM
Formula:

P?
 
?
m ?
V
x
V = _P_
P = m_P_
m = xV
m
V
 Momentum Sample Problem

1. A 2,250 kg pickup truck has a velocity of 25

m/s to the east. What is the momentum of the
truck?

56,250 kg. m/s to the east

 MOMENTUM
Sample Problem 2:
Calculate the momentum of a baseball that has a
mass of 0.2 kg and is moving at a rate of 30 m/s to
the right?

6.0 kg.m/s right

 MOMENTUM
Sample Problem 3:

What is the velocity of a 0.7 kg ball that has a

momentum of 1.4 kg.m/s?

2 m/s
 MOMENTUM
Sample Problem 4:

A van travelling at 25 m/s has a momentum of

62,500 kg.m/s. What is the mass of the van?

2,500 kg
 Momentum Sample Problem 1 minute challenge

1. Determine the momentum of a ...

a. 60-kg halfback moving eastward at 9 m/s.
b. 1000-kg car moving northward at 20 m/s.

A. p = m x v = 60 kg x 9 m/s
p = 540 kg•m/s eastward

B. p = m x v = 1000 kg x 20 m/s
p = 20 000 kg•m/s northward
 Challenge me!!! (first ten)

2.Twenty students ride a school bus that has a mass of 2500 kg

and moves with a speed of 4.25 m/s. The driver has a mass of
75.0 kg
a. What is the momentum of the bus and its passengers if the
average mass of each student is 125kg?
b. If 8 students get off from the bus, what must be the speed of
the bus to maintain its original momentum?
A. 21,568.75 kg.m/s

B. 5.29 m/s
 Momentum Sample Problem (first ten)

2. A 325 kg motorcycle is moving at 140 km/h, south.

a) Find its momentum.

b) At what velocity is the momentum of a 1754 kg car equal to

that of the motorcycle?

A. 12639.25 kg.m/s South

B. 7.21 m/s
 Momentum (SEATWORK)

1. Which has more momentum, a 1000 kg car moving 1 m/s

or a 70 kg person sprinting at 8 m/s? ( Justify your answer
through solving)
2. What is the velocity of a 0.8 kg ball that has a momentum
of 2.3 kg.m/s?
3. A 200 kg man moving with a speed of 1 meter per second
has the same momentum as a smart car moving with a
speed of 0.25 m/s. How much mass does the smart car has?
 VIDEO!!!

• What is the video all about?

• How will you describe the athletes in the video?
• How did the athletes prevent injury based from the
video?
• How will you describe their momentum?
• What do you call the word associated with the change
in momentum?
 What is IMPULSE?
Change in momentum
• Product of the force applied on the object and the duration/ time of
application of that force

Unit: N. s= kg. m/s

Vector Quantity Symbol: I
Impulse Depends on Two Variables

Force
Impulse Depends on Two Variables

Time
 Formula of Impulse
I= f ∆ t I= m∆v
Impulse= force X times Impulse= mass X change in velocity

Wherein: Wherein:
I= impulse (N.s) I= impulse (N.s or kg. m/s)
F= force (Newton) m= mass (kg)
∆ t=change in time (second) ∆v= change in velocity (m/s)

**Newton - second (N.s) also equivalent to kilogram meter per

second (kg.m/s)
 !!!
V E
O L
S S
T ’
L E
 Impulse Sample Problem

• An average force of 100 N acts for a time interval

of 0.02 second on a golf ball that is initially at
rest. Calculate the impulse acting on the golf
ball.

2 N.s
 Impulse Sample Problem

• A boy falls and hits his head with an impulse of

20N·s. On sand, the boy would hit for 0.20s.
What force did the sand exert on the boy?

100N
 Momentum Sample Problem

A force of 30000 N is exerted for 4.00 s, on a 95,000 kg mass.

(a) What is the impulse of the force for this 4.00 s?
(b) What is the mass's change in velocity from this impulse?

a. Impulse =120000 N-s

b. ∆v = 1.26 m/s
 Impulse-Momentum Theorem

Have you ever wondered why?

Why does it hurt more when you fall on a
concrete floor than on a wooden
floor?

Why are car dashboards, steering wheels, and

boxing gloves padded?

How can a karate “chop” break a board?

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

31
 IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
(alternative version of newton’s 2nd law of motion)

When a net force acts on an object,

the impulse experienced by the object equals the
change in momentum

Ft = mvf-mvi
I = m(vf-vi)
 Impulse-Momentum Theorem
The theorem is also used to design safety equipment that DECREASES
THE FORCE exerted on the human body.

They minimize the effect of the force on an object

involved in a collision by extending/increasing the time required to stop the momentum of
the driver and passenger.
 Impulse-Momentum Theorem
Firefighters make use of nets and giant air mattress to catch people who jump
from tall building.

The nets/giant air mattress extend/increases the time of the collision, thus the effect of the
force is minimized.
 Impulse-Momentum Theorem

Boxing and Karate utilize a large force for a short period of

time to inflict greater injury to the opponent.

In volleyball, a spike is requires a short time to achieve greater

force.
Impulse momentum theorem formula
I= m∆v F ∆t = m(vf-vi) I= m(vf-vi)

F= force (N)
∆t= change in time (s)
M= mass (kg)
vf= final velocity (m/s)
vi= initial velocity (m/s)
 Momentum SampleTheorem
Impulse Momentum ProblemSample Problem

1. A golf ball initially at rest with a mass of 0.06 kg is

subjected to an impulse that causes it to move with
a velocity of 50 m/s. If the golf club and the ball are
in contact for 0.005 s. What is the average force
acted on the golf course?

F= 600 N
 Momentum SampleTheorem
Impulse Momentum ProblemSample Problem

2. A car accelerates from 5m/s to 20 m/s has an

impulse of 30,000 kg.m/s. Determine the mass of the
car.

Mass= 2000 kg
 Impulse-Momentum Theorem
Sample Problem 3:

What is the change in momentum of a 137 kg body,

when its speed is change from 50 m/s to 80 m/s?
Assume no change in direction of motion.

4,110 kg m/s
 SAMPLE PROBLEM

3. Anton hits a 0.05 kg golf ball giving it a speed of 65 m/s. What

impulse does he impart to the ball?

I= 3.25 kg.m/s
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
4. An average force of 50 N is exerted on a 4 kg cart for 2 second.
A. What is the impulse
B. What is the change in momentum
C. What is the change in velocity?
a. 100 N.s
b. Impulse= change in momentum, therefore,
100 N.s
c. 25 m/s
 Momentum SampleTheorem
Impulse Momentum ProblemSample Problem

• The velocity of a 10 kg body is increased from 1m/s to

4m/s by a constant force which acts for 0.8 s. What is
the magnitude of the force?

F= 37.5N
 SEATWORK:
1.) A delivery truck hits a parked car from behind. The mass of the car is 2550kg. What force
is exerted on the car if;
a. the car is rigid and accelerates to 4.5 m/s in 0.20s?
b. the car has crumple zones and accelerates to 4.5 m/s in 0.45s?

2.) A car and its driver has a combined mass of 2175 kg. The car initially moving at 18 m/s and
collides head on with a tree. Find the force exerted on the car and the driver assuming that;
c. the car is rigid and is brought to a stop in 0.01s.
d. the car has crumple zones and is brought to a stop in 0.25s.

3.) A soccer ball of mass 0.5 kg initially at rest, is kicked by a force of magnitude 120 N for
0.05s. What is the velocity of the ball after the kick?