Organ System Of The Human

Body And Their Essential

Functions
Group 2 ABM 11 - C

Gonzales, Patrick M. (Leader)

Ignacio, Renee Clark G.
Moral, Rosemarie R.
Martinez, Chin lie Ann C.
Penaso, Charmie lou B.
Advincula, Kassandra S.
Miranda, Evangeline V.
Madarang, Mychaella A.
Labrador, Jaynie Kate M.
Flow of the discussion

1. Introduction to organ systems and their functions

2. Diseases and their Treatment/Avoidance

3. Case Evaluation

4. Conclusion
1.

Introduction to
organ systems and
their functions
 An organ system is a combination of organs that work together for a specific
function. The human body consists of 11 interrelated organ systems that
manage all essential body functions.

The musculoskeletal system allows for movement, supports the weight of the body, and protects the
internal organs.
The respiratory system is a network of organs and tissues that help a person breathe, This system also
circulates oxygen throughout the body by absorbing it and removing waste products such as carbon dioxide.

The circulatory system. The heart essentially pumps blood through vessels and capillaries that reach
every cell in the body.
The digestive system, is comprised of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the liver, the esophagus, intestines, the stomach,
the pancreas, the gallbladder, and more. It helps the body digest food and liquids and rids itself of waste.
The urinary system filters blood and eliminates waste by producing urine.

The lymphatic system manages fluid levels in the body, monitors blood via the spleen, and helps
support immune responses through lymph nodes.
The endocrine system consists of glands secreting hormones that regulate the biological processes within
the body.
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their
predominant function is contractibility
The reproductive system mainly function is to create human life..
Introduction

We all agreed to focus on the case of the integumentary system.

The Integumentary system is the body's largest organ, forming

a physical barrier between the external and internal
environments that it protects and maintains. The epidermis,
dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails comprise
the integumentary system. This system, in addition to its barrier
function, performs numerous intricate functions such as body
temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, Vitamin D
synthesis, and stimuli detection. To carry out these functions,
the various components of this system collaborate; for example,
body temperature regulation occurs via thermoreceptors, which
lead to adjustments in peripheral blood flow, perspiration, and
body hair.
 COMPONENTS OF
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTION
 The skin - has two layers: the
superficial epidermis and the
deeper dermis.

The epidermis - is the tough

outer layer that serves as the
body's first line of defense
against the outside world.

The dermis - is the connective

tissue framework that
underpins the epidermis.

Hypodermis - The hypodermis lies between the dermis and underlying organs.
Hair - Hair is derived from the epidermis but grows its roots deep into the dermis.
Nails - Nails form as layers of keratin and appear at the dorsal tips of the fingers and toes
Associated Glands - There are four types of exocrine glands within human skin —
sudoriferous, sebaceous, ceruminous, and mammary glands.
 Integumentary System's Functions

Physical protection - Since the integumentary is the human body's covering, its most obvious function is
physical protection. The skin is a densely packed network of cells, with each layer contributing to its
overall strength.

Immunity - The skin is the body’s first line of defense as it acts as the physical barrier that prevents direct
entry of pathogens.

Wound healing - When our bodies are injured by trauma, the integumentary system orchestrates wound
healing through hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

Vitamin D synthesis - The primary sources of vitamin D are sun exposure and oral intake.

Regulation of body temperature - The skin has a large surface area that is highly vascularized, which allows
it to conserve and release heat through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, respectively.
Sensation - Skin innervation is by various sensory nerve endings that discriminate pain, temperature,
touch, and vibration.
2.
Diseases and their
Treatment/Avoidance
Pathology
Given that the integumentary system has direct exposure to external threats
such as physical trauma, radiation, extreme temperatures, microorganisms,
etc., it can
fall susceptible to wounds, infections, burns, cancers, and more. The
integumentary system is unique in that patho logic conditions are often directly
visible to patients, and at times the system reflects patho logic conditions that
may be occurring internally. The following are common conditions that can
appear throughout components of the integumentary system
 Skin: (Diseases)

Acne – Acne is a very common condition that involves inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit caused by
the overproduction of keratin within hair follicles, increased sebum production, and Cutibacterium acnes
mediated inflammation.
Burns — Burns result from excessive heat, radiation, or chemical exposure, and grading the severity of the
burn is by the depth and area of skin involvement. Burns are treated as emergencies, as severe burns can
lead to dehydration, sepsis, and death
Hair :

Alopecia areata – This is an autoimmune condition that involves loss of immune privilege at the
hair follicle in addition to T cell-mediated attack on cells of the hair bulb, leading to hair follicles
that transition from the growth phase (anagen) to nonproliferative (catagen) and resting (telogen)
phases.

Folliculitis – Folliculitis is inflammation of the hair follicle that presents clinically with follicular pustules
and erythematous papules.
Nails :

Onychomycosis – Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails and can result from
dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds
Avoidance/Treatment

Skin

Acne: There's no sure way to prevent acne. However, washing your face on a daily basis may help.

Burn: You may put a thin layer of ointment, such as petroleum jelly or aloe vera, on the burn. The ointment
does not need to have antibiotics in it. Some antibiotic ointments can cause an allergic reaction. Do not use
cream, lotion, oil, cortisone, butter, or egg white.

Hair:

Alopecia areata: There is currently no cure for alopecia areata. Some doctors, however, offer steroid injections
in the areas where the hair has fallen out.

Folliculitis: Apply a soothing lotion or cream.

Nails:

Onychomycosis: Try nonprescription antifungal nail creams and ointments

3.

Case
Evaluation
4.

Conclusion
References:

1.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554386/?fbclid=Iw
AR3mPgNlxDUJf7XllcyW8NzqtR87DbxLdNDJqpedw9B2qYgjN
zYnGeV3FXo

2.
https://cck-law.com/blog/human-body-organ-systems-and-
their-
function/?fbclid=IwAR3A_mUpifzigJf_eebq_e0RJD9teFdB6b9
N6RasyKltD-u9fyK6cmZw7Ts