Module 1 - STATICS OF PARTICLES

School of Mechanical Engineering
BMEE 201L Engineering Mechanics

Module 1
Basics of Statics
By
Dr. Gajanand Gupta
SMEC, VIT Chennai Campus
gajanand.gupta@vit.ac.in
9602088451
Outline
• Forces in plane
– Resultant
• Two forces -parallelogram and triangular law
• Resultant of several forces - polygon law and
rectangular components
– Equilibrium of a particle
• Free body diagram
• Lami’s theorem
• Rectangular components
• Forces in space
– Rectangular components
– Resultant
– Equilibrium of a particle
11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 2
Keywords
Particle Rigid Body
Force Resultant
Newton’s Laws
Paralellogram Law Lami’s Theorem
Moment Couple
Equilibrium
Force
A physical quantity
brought into equilibrium
gravity

Representation
 Magnitude
 Direction
 Point of application
 Line of action

Classification
• Collinear
• Concurrent
• Parallel
• Non-concurrent non-parallel

Collinear Forces

Concurrent Forces
In Plane (2D) In Space (3D)

Parallel Forces
In Plane (2D)
In Space (3D)

Non-parallel and non-concurrent

Forces in Plane-Resultant
 Parallelogram law
 Triangular law
 Polygon law
 Rectangular components
Q R
α
θ
P

Class Problem 1
The two forces P and Q act on a bolt A.

Determine their resultant.

Solution Graphical solution
• A parallelogram with sides equal to
P and Q is drawn to scale.
• The magnitude and direction of the
resultant or of the diagonal to the
parallelogram are measured,
R  98 N   35
• A triangle is drawn with P and Q
head-to-tail and to scale.
• The magnitude and direction of the
resultant or of the third side of the
triangle are measured,
R  98 N   35
2 - 13
Trigonometric solution
Apply the triangle rule,
From the Law of Cosines,
R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
 40N 2  60N 2  240N 60N cos155
R  97.73N
From the Law of Sines,
sin A sin B

Q R
Q
sin A  sin B
R
60N
 sin155
97.73N
A  15.04
  20  A
  35.04 2 - 14
Tutorial Problem 1
Two forces P and Q are

applied as shown at point A
of a hook support. Knowing
that P = 75 N and Q = 125 N,
determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of
their resultant using (a) the
parallelogram law, (b) the
triangle rule.

Class Problem 2
A barge is pulled by two tugboats. If the resultant of the

forces exerted by the tugboats is a 5000 N force directed
along the axis of the barge, determine ( a ) the tension in
each of the ropes knowing that α = 45°, ( b ) the value of α
for which the tension in rope 2 is minimum.
Solution
Graphical solution
• Parallelogram Rule with known
resultant direction and magnitude,
known directions for sides
T  3700 N T  2600 N
1 2
Trigonometric solution
• Triangle Rule with Law of Sines
T T 5000
1
 2

sin 45 sin 30 sin105
T  3660 N T  2590 N
1 2
2 - 17
• The angle for minimum tension in
rope 2 is determined by applying the
Triangle Rule and observing the
effect of variations in a.
• The minimum tension in rope 2
occurs when T1 and T2 are
perpendicular.
T  5000sin 30 T  2500 N
2 2
T  5000cos 30 T  4330 N

1 1
  90  30   60
2 - 18
Rectangular Components of a Force

Example 1
A force of 800 N is exerted on a bolt A as shown in Figure.

Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the
force.

Example 2
A man pulls with a force of 300 N on a rope attached to a

building, as shown in Figure. What are the horizontal and
vertical components of the force exerted by the rope at
point A ?
Resultant of Several Concurrent Forces

Class Problem 3
Four forces act on a bolt as shown. Determine the

resultant of the forces on the bolt R  199.6 N
  4.1
Free Body Diagram
Free body diagram is a sketch of the isolated body, which

shows the external forces on the body and the reactions
exerted on it by the removed elements.
Procedure:
 Isolate each body from the
system
 Indicate all the forces acting on
it including the weight
 Indicate all reactions
 Show the dimensions and
angles and reference axes
Free Body Diagram-Cable and Spring

Draw Free Body Diagram

Equilibrium of a Particle
• The particle is in equilibrium when R=ΣF=0
Lami’s Theorem:
If three concurrent forces are acting on a body, kept in an
equilibrium, then each force is proportional to the sine of the
angles between the other two forces and the constant of
proportionality is the same.

Class Problem 4
In a ship-unloading operation, a 3500 N automobile is

supported by a cable. A rope is tied to the cable at A
and pulled in order to centre the automobile over its
intended position. The angle between the cable and
the vertical is 2°, while the angle between the rope
and the horizontal is 30°. What is the tension in the
rope?
Solution
• Construct a free-body diagram for

the particle at A.
• Apply the conditions for equilibrium.
T T 3500

AB

AC
sin120 sin 2 sin 58

T  3570 N
AB
T  144 N
AC
2 - 29
Tutorial Problem 2
F = 76.1 N
α = 15°
Determine the magnitude and direction of the

smallest force F which will maintain the package
shown in equilibrium. Note that the force exerted by
the rollers on the package is perpendicular to the
incline.
Solution
294 𝐹
=
sin 𝜃 sin 15
294 sin 15
𝐹=
sin 𝜃
For minimum F, θ is 90°

Rectangular component of a Force in Space
Force Defined by its Magnitude and Two
Points on its Line of Action

ADDITION OF CONCURRENT FORCES IN SPACE

Class Problem 4
A tower guy wire is anchored by means of a bolt at A. The

tension in the wire is 2500 N. Determine
a) the components Fx, Fy, Fz of the force acting on the bolt,
b) the angles θx, θy, θz defining the direction of the force.
Equilibrium of a Particle in Space


Module 1 - STATICS OF PARTICLES

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School of Mechanical Engineering

BMEE 201L Engineering Mechanics

Paralellogram Law Lami’s Theorem

brought into equilibrium

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 4

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 5

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 6

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 7

In Plane (2D) In Space (3D)

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 8

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 9

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 10

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 11

The two forces P and Q act on a bolt A.

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 12

Two forces P and Q are

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 15

A barge is pulled by two tugboats. If the resultant of the

T  5000cos 30 T  4330 N

  90  30   60

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 19

A force of 800 N is exerted on a bolt A as shown in Figure.

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 20

A man pulls with a force of 300 N on a rope attached to a

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 22

Four forces act on a bolt as shown. Determine the

Free body diagram is a sketch of the isolated body, which

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 25

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 26

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 27

In a ship-unloading operation, a 3500 N automobile is

• Construct a free-body diagram for

sin120 sin 2 sin 58

Determine the magnitude and direction of the

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 31

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 42

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 43

A tower guy wire is anchored by means of a bolt at A. The

11/20/2023 MEE 1002 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 48

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