Technical Drafting

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 1.USE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
There are a great variety of drafting materials and tools
used in technical drafting. The drafting materials and tools dis-
cussed in this module include most of the basic ones but suffi-
cient enough for your initial understanding about mechanical
drawing.

A. Tools, Instruments and Equipment

Drawing Board
-A portable board made of
softwood, wherein a drawing
paper is fastened on
top. Their working edge
should be perfectly straight
and their surface is trim
and smooth.
Triangles
– they are usually made of transparent

plastic which are used for drawing

oblique and vertical lines.

Triangular Scales
-English Scales
-Metric Scales
-they are made of wood, plastic
or metal, which are used for
drawing an object on a paper by
scaling the sizes.
Protractor
-Is used for measuring and laying
out arcs and circles as well as angles
that cannot be measured with either
the 45°or the 30° x 60° triangles. It is
half-circle shaped instrument, made
of transparent plastic used for guiding
a draftsman in drawing different
angles.

Compass
-Is used for drawing arcs and
circles. It is made of the lower por-
tion of the pencil leg. It is remov-
able and to be replaced when
needed. The pen and the needle
point leg are held together by a
handle.
 T-square
-Is an instrument used for
drawing horizontal lines. It is
also used to support the triangle
for drawing vertical or inclined
line.Are made of wood, plastic or
metal.
Two Main Parts of T-square Three kinds of T-square
- The head
- fixed heads
- The blade - removable head
- adjustable head
Drawing Set
It is a kit which consists of a ruling
pen, compass pen and pencil leads.
It is used for drawing arcs and cir-
cles and inking them
- one of the most important tools of a
draftsman, used for drawing
Ruler
-It is made of wood, plastic or
metal used for measuring purposes

and for drawing and for drawing a

straight line. The edge of the ruler
should be straight.

Eraser
- This is used to clean the dirt off
the drawing. A soft eraser is
advantageous in removing smudges
and pencil marks, whereas, a harder
eraser is useful for making changes
and correcting errors in the drawing.
Erasing Shield
- This tool is made up of metal
with irregular holes. It is a useful
tool to protect the rest of the draw-
ing when clearing up smudges,
unnecessary pencil lines and other
erasures.

Divider
- This is a drawing instrument
used when transferring
measurements, dividing lines and
arcs into the desired number of
equal parts.
B. Materials

Drawing Paper / Tracing Paper

-It should have a smooth surface
when erasures are made.

Tapes and Tacks

-There are varieties of tapes and tacks
available in the store.
They are used for fastening the drawing
paper on the drawing board.

Colors and water colors

- They are coloring materials made
of pigment, dyes, and others. they are
used for coloring drawings.