DRAFTING

Have you ever wondered why houses, buildings

and other infrastructures are built accurately? You
are introduced to the field of drafting as a career
choice- the various educational pathways and
employment opportunities presented with
descriptions of the manual drafting tools and
equipment commonly used by drafters- compasses,
pencil and lead types, paper types and sizes,
triangles and templates, scale types (architectural,
engineering, metric) and the several different
measuring systems used in preparing drafted
drawings.
VS.
ARCHITECTS create designs for new construction projects, alterations and redevelopments.
They use their specialist construction knowledge and high-level drawing skills to design
buildings that are functional, safe, sustainable and aesthetically pleasing.
DRAFTSMEN typically work with professionals in their field, such as scientists, architects and
engineers, who provide the product or structure's details. The draftsman incorporates these
specifications into drawings and plans that may be used in the manufacture, maintenance or
repair of the product or structure.
HOW CAN YOU COMPARE AND CONTRAST
AN ARCHITECT AND A DRASTMAN?
An ARCHITECT may be involved in a project from start to finish, helping out
with anything from planning, design and documentation, to contract
administration and project management. In contrast, a DRAFTSMAN is someone
who produces drawings for construction projects, whether it is a brand new build
or a renovation.
DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND
MATERIALS
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

COMPASS - Used to draw circles and arcs.

DIVIDER - Used to transfer dimensions.

 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

DRAFTING TAPE
- A specially-prepared tape
used to adhere drawing media to the working
surface.

DUSTING BRUSH - Used to brush

loose graphite and eraser dust
from a drawing.
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

RULER - to measure distances

or draw straight lines.

ERASER - Used to remove

pencil lines and graphite
smudges from a drawing.
ERASING SHIELD - A metal plate
with various slots and openings
used to protect line work when a
portion of the drawing is to be
erased.
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

T-SQUARE - is used a guide in drawing horizontal lines

and in measuring up to 48” straight line.

IRREGULAR CURVE OR
FRENCH CURVE - Used to
lay out any noncircular curve.
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

LEAD POINTER - Used for sharpening

mechanical pencil leads.

MECHANICAL PENCIL (LEAD

HOLDER) - Used to hold leads of
various hardness.
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

DRAWING PENCILS - important

tools of a draftsman, used to sketch
drawings. Here are the pencil grades.

PROTRACTOR
- Used to measure angles.
DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

DRAWING PAPER – Medium tooth

paper that is suited for drawing with a
variety of drawing media including
graphite, charcoal, and colored pencils.
DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

DRAWING TABLE - Where the drawing

paper is attached the edge serves as the
base of the triangle.
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

SCALE - Used to reproduce the dimension in full size or to reduce

or enlarge them on a drawing. There are 2 classification of scale,
namely:

TEMPLATE - A thin, flat, plastic tool

with various size openings of different
shapes used to expedite the drawing of
standard features.
 DRAFTING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

SCALE - Used to reproduce the dimension in full size or to reduce

or enlarge them on a drawing. There are 2 classification of scale,
namely:

TRIANGLE - a thin, flat, right-angled piece of

plastic or metal used for drawing vertical or
inclined lines.
EXAMPLES OF USING MEASURING TOOLS IN DRAWING
EXAMPLES OF USING MEASURING TOOLS IN DRAWING
EXAMPLES OF USING MEASURING TOOLS IN DRAWING
EXAMPLES OF USING MEASURING TOOLS IN DRAWING
EXAMPLES OF USING MEASURING TOOLS IN DRAWING
EXAMPLES OF USING MEASURING TOOLS IN DRAWING
LIFE LESSON ON DRAFTING
LIFE LESSON ON DRAFTING
DRAFTING LESSON 2
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

1. LINE - A set of points, it is also a geometrical object that is straight, infinitely long and
infinitely thin. There are 3 kinds of lines, namely:

• Straight line - the shortest distance between two points with no curves.
• Parallel lines - are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two straight lines in a plane
that do not intersect at any point.
• Perpendicular lines - A line is said to be perpendicular to another line if the two lines
intersect at a right angle.
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

ANGLE - a figure formed by two rays with common end point.

• Straight angle - an angle with 180°.

• Right angle - an angle with 90°.
• Acute angle - an angle with less than 90°.
• Obtuse angle - an angle with more than 90° but less than 180°.
• Complementary angles - are two angles whose sum measures 90°.
• Supplementary angles - are two angles whose sum measures 180°.
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

POLYGON. There are 8 kinds of polygon.

• TRIANGLE - it is a three sided polygon.
• QUADRILATERAL - it is a four sided polygon.
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

• PENTAGON - it is a five-sided polygon; regular pentagon has all sides equal with 108°
included angle.
• HEXAGON - it is a 6 sides polygon; regular pentagon has all sides equal with 120°.
• HEPTAGON - it is a seven sides polygon; regular heptagon has all sides equal with each
angle equal to
• 128.56° or 128.57°.
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

PENTAGON
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

HEXAGON
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

HEPTAGON
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

• OCTAGON - it is a polygon with eight sides, regular octagon has all sides equal with
angles 135°.
• NONAGON - it is a polygon with nine sides, regular nonagon has all sides equal with
angles 140°.
• DECAGON - it is a polygon with ten sides, regular decagon has all sides equal with
angles 144°.
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

OCTAGON
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

DECAGON
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

CIRCLE - it is a closed curve; arc is a portion of the circumference of the circle. The
following are terms related to a circle or parts of a circle:

• CONCENTRIC CIRCLES - consist of two or more circles.

• ECCENTRIC CIRCLES - are circles having no common center.
• ELLIPSE - is an oblique circle with two axes, the minor axis and the major axis.
• RADIUS - is a line segment from the center to any point on the circle.
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

• CHORD - is a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle.

• DIAMETER - is a chord that passes through the center.
• SECTOR - is a portion of a circle bounded by two radii and the intercepted
arc.
• SEGMENT - is a portion of a circle bounded by an arc and a chord.
• CIRCUMFERENCE – is a distance around the circle.
• QUADRANT - is one-fourth of the entire area of the circle.
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
 GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

SOLID - It is a three-dimensional figure. The three dimensions are

length, with and height. It includes the measurements of volumes of
various solid figures (three-dimensional figures).
These include pyramids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and prisms.
GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

I WILL CALL YOU ONE-BY-ONE TO

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS?
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION

WHAT GEOMETRICAL SHAPE CAN YOU DRAW

PERFECTLY?
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION

BASED ON THE GIVEN GEOMETRICAL

FIGURES, WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE
MOST COMMONLY USED FIGURES IN
MAKING A FLOORPLAN?