INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

ON

CNC MACHINE

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

CORPORATE PROFILE

BHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy related/infrastructure sector today. The company has realized the capability to deliver 15,000 MW p.a. 74% of the total power generated in the country is through BHEL sets. BHEL caters to core sectors of the Indian Economy viz., Power Generation and Transmission, Industry, Transportation, Renewable Energy, Defence, etc.

Conventional milling machines

Vertical milling machine

CNC MACHINE

A computer numerical control (CNC) is a microprocessor- based system to store and process the data for the control of slide motions and auxiliary functions of the machine tools.

CNC MACHINE
The CNC systems are constructed with a NC unit integrated with a programmable logic controller (PLC) and some times with an additional external PLC (non-integrated). Numerical control (NC) is a method employed for controlling the motions of a machine tool slide and its auxiliary functions with input in the form of numerical data.

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF CNC MACHINE

The concept of NC working principle of CNC machine tools is required to process various operations (such as spindle speed, and release the work piece clamping and retract into the knife, driving and parking, auto shut down ).

A CNC system basically consists of the followings:

Central processing unit (CPU)
Servo-control unit

Operator control panel

Machine control panel

Other peripheral device

Programmable logic controller (PLC)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

TYPES of CNC CONTROL SYSTEMS

1. OPEN LOOP SYSTEM
Every pulse rotates the motor spindle through a certain amount. By counting the pulses, the amount of motion can be controlled. No feedback signal for error correction. Lower positioning accuracy .

2. CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM

Position transducers are used to generate position feedback signals for error correction Better accuracy can be achieved More expensive Suitable for large size machine tools

PARTS OF CNC SYSTEM

Central Processing Unit (CPU) It accepts the information stored in the memory as part program. This data is decoded and transformed into specific position control and velocity control signals. The CPU unit will provide continuous necessary corrective actions. Whenever the situation goes beyond control of the CPU, it takes the final action of shutting down the system in turn the machine.

 Servo-Control Unit
The decoded position and velocity control signals, generated by the CPU for the axis movement forms the input to the servo-control unit. The servo-drive unit converts the command values, which are interfaced with the axis and the spindle motors. The servo-control unit receives the position feedback & velocity feedback signals for actual movement of the machine tool. Thus the servo-control unit performs the data communication between the machine tool and the CPU.

 Operator Control Panel

The operator control panel provides the user interface to facilitate a two-way communication between the user, CNC system and the machine tool. This consists of two parts: Video Display Unit (VDU) Keyboard

VIDEO DISPLAY UNIT

It displays all current information such as: Complete information of the block currently being executed Actual position value, set or actual difference, current feed rate, spindle speed Main program number, subroutine number Display of all entered data, user programs, user data, machine data, etc. Alarm messages in plain text Soft key designations

KEYBOARD
A keyboard is provided for the following purposes: Editing of part programs, tool data, and machine parameters. Selection of different pages for viewing. Selection of operating modes, e.g. manual data input. Selection of feed rate override and spindles speed override. Execution of part programs. Execution of other toll functions

Machine Control Panel (MCP)

It is the direct interface between operator and the NC system, enabling the operation of the machine through the CNC system. Machine should first be prepared with some specific tasks like:
Establishing a correct reference point Loading the system memory with the required part program Loading and checking of tool offsets, zero offsets, etc.

 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

A PLC matches the NC to the machine. The principle of operation of a PLC is determined essentially by the PLC program memory, processor, inputs and outputs. The control of a computerized numeric controller on P.L.C. and servo drives to provide automation with accuracy.

PLC PART OF CNC MACHINE

THANK YOU

ANY QUERY