What is the scientific method?

 This is an ordered series of steps that

allows scientist to find out information.
 1. Identify the problem
 2. Form a hypothesis
 3.Experiment to check the hypothesis
 4. Analyse the results (the hypothesis is true-
step5/ the hypothesis is false-step2)
 5. Report the results
The Scientific Method

Fact or superstition???

The Earth revolves around the Sun.

Is this a fact?
 The Scientific Method

Friday the thirteenth is an unlucky day.

Is this a fact?
 The Scientific Method

Every cell comes from another cell.

Is this a fact?
 The Scientific Method

Our fate is written in the stars.

Is this a fact?
 The Scientific Method

When an object is heated, it will expand.

Is this a fact?
 The Scientific Method

Superstitions are beliefs, which

are not usually explained using
the methods of Natural Science.
 The Scientific Method

Superstitions cannot be verified as 100% true

because they are only based on observation and
hypothesis.
The Scientific Method

Why is not reliable?

 The Scientific Method

Because it has not been tested true!!!!

 The Scientific Method

In order to be classified as a
fact, it must be observable
and true at all times.

It must undergo a process of

investigation. This is the
Scientific Method.
The Scientific Method

BACKGROUND RESEARCH: you

have to consult various sources
of information (books, journals,
the Internet, etc.) to find out what
is known about the topic that you
are investigating

FORM A HYPOTHESIS

If I…………………, then…………………….

EXPERIMENT
 The Scientific Method

EXAMPLE 1: People born under the sign of Leo are

natural born leaders.

Is it a fact? Prove it!

 The Scientific Method

SCIENTIFIC APROACH:

-My brother was born on August the second.

-Therefore my brother is Leo.

- My brother has got lots of strengths but he is not a

natural leader.

- Therefore not all the Leo are natural leaders.

 The Scientific Method

It is not a fact! A fact must be observable and true at

all times.
 The Scientific Method

EXAMPLE 2: Basque people speak Euskera.

Is it a fact? Prove it!

 The Scientific Method

SCIENTIFIC APROACH:

-Iker was born in Vitoria.

-Therefore Iker is Basque.

- Iker knows only how to speak castellano.

- Therefore not all the Basque people speak Euskera.

 The Scientific Method

It is not a fact! Though many Basque people speak

Euskera, not all do. A fact must be observable and
true at all times.
 The Scientific Method

As a student, you can explore the world and solve everyday problems
using the scientific method.
 The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method is a systematic way of investigating in order to

solve problems.
 The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method involves 6 steps:

1. State the problem or ask questions (Observation)

2. Form a hypothesis

3. Test your hypothesis by experimentation

4. Record and analyze data

5. State a conclusion

6. Report your findings

 The Scientific Method

1. State the problem or ask questions (Observation). You observe

something using your senses. What you see makes you ask a question or
state a problem.

We will use this problem:

Problem/Observation:

Half of the class are sleeping during Science lesson.

AH—Look at
this!
 The Scientific Method

2. Form a hypothesis

A hypothesis is an educated guess or a simple statement that

presents the possible solution to the problem.

Hypothesis:

You guess that may be most of them stayed up late last night by
watching the football final between Real Madrid and Athlético de
Madrid and using WhattsApp.
 The Scientific Method

3. Test your hypothesis by experimentation

An experiment is a set of specific observations. It is a test of your hypothesis.

Experimentation:

Upon going home, you open your WhattsApp group and see most of the class
were still online by 2 in the morning chatting about the game.
 The Scientific Method

4. Record and analyze data

Some forms of analyzing data:

1.Through a table
2.Using a chart or a diagram.

For you, the data are the times you can see in the whattsapp chat .
 The Scientific Method

5. State your conclusion

A conclusion is an answer to the problem. It must support the hypothesis.

Conclusion:

Half of the class are sleeping during Science lesson because they slept late
at night to watch the football match and chatted endlessly with their
whattsapp friends.
 The Scientific Method

6. Report your findings

Finally, it will be good to have someone else look at your findings to help
you find any mistakes or unusual results.

Remember that for a conclusion to be verified true, it must be

repeatable at all times when performing the experiment.
 The Scientific Method

What if your conclusion doesn’t support your hypothesis?

Make a new hypothesis and perform a new experiment until you arrive to
the same conclusion.
Science or pseudoscience??
 Water boils at 100ºC
Science or Pseudoscience??
 1. What is science? Make a list

astrology numerology

Handwriting
chemistry analysis

physics biology
Geology

Crystal healing microbiology

Activity 2
Laboratory work/ Fieldwork
Scientific research in a
laboratory
Searching for information
The experimental design
Data collection
Activity 3
Analyse the data
Charts / tables and graphs
Report your findings
(presenting results)
Fact sheets
A research paper

1. Title page (with name and level)

2. Index
3. Summary
4. Introduction
5. Methodology
6. Data and Results
7. Conclusion
8. Bibliography
Units of measurement
International system of units
Activity 4
Activity 5
Laboratory work (safety rules)
Safety rules
What is wrong?
What is wrong?
What is wrong?
What is wrong?
 Oral activity

Ask 3 safety rules to your classmate

Activity 6
Activity 7
Activity 8
Activity 9