Unit 1

Respiration

Ala’ Shehadeh
What is respiration?

Respiration is the release of energy from the breakdown of

glucose.

What is aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration is a reaction that uses oxygen to release

energy from glucose.
 Objectives 05 Learn about the
structure of blood
Find out how
every living cell
gets the energy it
04
needs to stay alive

03 Learn how the muscles

between your ribs and
your diaphragm move
Learn the names of the Find out how oxygen air into and out of the
different parts of the gets into your blood lungs

02
human respiratory from the air, and
system how carbon dioxide
goes in the other

01 direction
 1.1 The human
respiratory system
Pgs. 8-11
Open your
LB pg.8
The structure of the
human respiratory system

• Air enters through the

mouth or nose.
• The air passes to the larynx
(voice box) and the trachea
(windpipe) and then
through the bronchus to
the lungs.
• The trachea has strong
rings of cartilage around it
to keep it open and prevent
it collapsing.
 Lungs

Intercostal
Lungs muscle
Rib bones

 Lungs are stretchy spongy organs

that fill up with air and function
in breathing.
 The lungs are found in the chest
and are protected by the rib cage.
 There are two different muscles
that control the lungs:
 intercostal muscle: bands of
muscles between the ribs
 diaphragm: a thick sheet of Diaphragm
muscle that separates the
heart and lungs from other
organs.
 trachea
Inside your lungs
bronchi

 The strong tube called the trachea

bronchiole
carries air down from your nose and
mouth.
 Then it divides into two bronchi to
take air into each lung. The bronchi bronchiole
also has cartilage to support them.
 Each bronchus keeps dividing like
branches of tree. It forms smaller
and smaller tubes.
 Each tiny tube is a bronchiole.
 At the end of each bronchiole is a
cluster of tiny air spaces called
alveoli ‘air sacs’.

alveoli
Practice
questions
 Example 1

rib trachea

lung bronchus

bronchiole

alveoli
diaphragm
 Example 2

muscles ribs

lungs bronchiole
alveoli diffuses
leaves exchange
 LB pg.10

1 nose or mouth, voicebox (larynx), windpipe (trachea),

bronchus, bronchiole, air sacs
2 air sacs, bronchiole, bronchus, windpipe, voicebox, nose
or mouth
 Exit activity
https://wordwall.net/resource/9119423/science/label
-the-breathing-system
1.2 Gas exchange
Pgs. 6-12
The structure
of an air sac
  Each alveoli is surrounded by a network of capillaries.
 The walls of capillaries and alveoli are very thin to allow the
diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of
Gas exchange the blood. This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is gas
exchange.
• Blood picks up oxygen and the oxygen binds to haemoglobin
– the red protein inside the cells.
Speeding up the diffusion

• Alveoli are designed to make diffusion fast.

Diffusion is the movement of particles from
a high concentrated area into a less
concentrated area.
• They have thin walls to bring the air and
blood as close together as possible.
• Red blood cells squeeze along the
capillaries around them.
• The inner surface of each alveolus is
covered with a thin layer of moisture so
oxygen dissolves in and then diffuses
through the thin walls of the alveolus of the
capillary.
Practice
questions
Example 1

a X alveolus; Y capillary.
b A oxygen; B carbon dioxide.
c This allows the air in the alveolus and
the blood to get very close together,
which speeds up diffusion/gas
exchange.
 Exit activity
https://wordwall.net/resource/212071/science/22-gas-ex
change-pathway
https://www.liveworksheets.com/sa1406834hu
1.3 Breathing
Pgs. 13-18
Breathing

• Breathing is the movement of air in and out

of the lungs.
• When we breathe in, oxygen from the air
moves into the blood vessels in the lungs to
be carried into the heart then to the systems
of the body.
• When we breathe out, carbon dioxide
produced as a waste product when the body
uses oxygen, moves from the body systems
through the blood vessels back to the lungs.
 Breathing

• When we breathe in:

• Air enters the body through the nose or
the mouth
• Intercoastal muscles contract to pull ribs
up and out
• Diaphragm muscle contracts and flattens
• Lung volume increases
• When we breathe out:
• Air leaves the body through the nose or
the mouth
• Intercoastal muscles relax and drop ribs
down
• Diaphragm muscle relaxes and springs
back
• Lung volume decreases
Practice
questions
Example 1