Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Body

Systems
2.2 Gas Exchange (Page28)
College - 6th Grade Science

Compiled by Fatma Yalçın Sancak

Learning Objectives:
● Describe the structure of the gas exchange system

● Describe how parts of the gas exchange system are

adapted to their function

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What happens when you breath? Page 28.
● When you breath, you take in oxygen
and give out carbon dioxide. This is
called gas exchange.
● Gas exchange takes place inside your
lungs.
● Lungs are made of elastic tissue that can
expand when you breath in. This allows
you to take in lots of oxygen.
● Your lungs are delicate so they are
protected by the hard and strong bones
that make up the ribcage.

A – name the structure that protects your lungs.

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The diagram shows the main
components of your respiratory
system (gas exchange system).
Air enters your body through
Aaamouth and nose.
your
Air moves down
Lungs Trachea
trachea(windpipe)-
a large tube.

Bronchus
Air moves down a
Ribs bronchus - a smaller
2g – Gas exchange - Humans tube.
Bronchiole
Air moves through a
muscles bronchiole - a tiny tube.

Alveoli
Diaphragm Air moves into an alveolus- an air
4 sac. Oxygen then diffuses into blood.
Can you name these structures?..

Trachea
Bronchi Ribs

Bronchiole

Nose

Diaphragm

Lungs
Alveoli
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Let’s put them in order…

Nose Bronchi
Trachea

Bronchiol
es
Alveoli

The blood then takes the oxygen to all cells in your body.
Then where does the air go?
6 - oxygen then diffuses into blood.
Watch - Breathing!
 ❖ There are millions of alveoli
(plural of alveolus) in your lungs.
❖ Alveoli create a large surface
area.
❖ Alveoli also have thin walls that
are only one cell thick.
❖ All of the above properties make
gas exchange occur quickly and
easily.

B- State the scientific name for an air sac.

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Why do we breath in and out?
• When we breath in we inhale to take in oxygen.
• The oxygen is used in respiration to transfer energy.
Energy is released in
respiration

Respiration:

• Respiration produces carbon dioxide which

needs to be removed from the body.
• When we breath out we exhale to remove
Watch - Respi carbon dioxide.
ration
• Water is also a waste product of respiration.
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!
 Why can you see your breath on a cold mirror?

If you breathe onto a cold mirror, it

steams up.

❑ This is because the air you breath

out contains water vapour.
❑ Water is a waste product of
respiration.
❑ When the warm exhaled water
vapour hits to a mirror it condenses,
turning it back into a liquid.

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  The pie charts below show how much of the different
gases are present in inhaled and exhaled air.

Inhaled air Exhaled air

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 References
• P. G. Hulme, J. Locke, H. Reynolds 2013
Activate 1 Student Book, Oxford University Press, Oxford OX2
6DB United Kingdom
• Activate 1 – Teachers Handbook: Oxford University Press.
• Video source: Breathing BBC2@JamJarMMX YouTube Channel page 6
Respiration BBC2@JamJarMMX YouTube Channel page 8

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