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    The document summarizes the structure and function of the human respiratory system. It describes how the trachea branches into bronchi and bronchioles, leading to tiny air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses out. The process of breathing is also outlined, showing how the diaphragm and ribs work to inhale and exhale air. Aerobic respiration in cells is described as a chemical reaction where glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

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    Chapter 1_ Respiration

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    The document summarizes the structure and function of the human respiratory system. It describes how the trachea branches into bronchi and bronchioles, leading to tiny air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses out. The process of breathing is also outlined, showing how the diaphragm and ribs work to inhale and exhale air. Aerobic respiration in cells is described as a chemical reaction where glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    3 views3 pages

    Chapter 1 - Respiration

    Uploaded by

    qin don
    The document summarizes the structure and function of the human respiratory system. It describes how the trachea branches into bronchi and bronchioles, leading to tiny air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses out. The process of breathing is also outlined, showing how the diaphragm and ribs work to inhale and exhale air. Aerobic respiration in cells is described as a chemical reaction where glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    YEAR 8: CHAPTER 1

    RESPIRATION
    Structure and function
    Life processes

    The human respiratory system - cartilage support it

    Respiration: A series of chemical - divides into several smaller tubes:

    reactions inside every living cell. bronchioles

    Aerobic Respiration: Respiration that Gas exchange

    happens inside our cells


    Air sacs:

    - one of the tiny air-filled spaces inside

    lungs

    - also called alveolus/alveoli

    Capillaries: the smallest type of blood

    vessels

    The structure of an air sac

    Trachea → Bronchus → Bronchi → Bronchiole - Air sac has a wall made of one layer of

    cell
    Trachea:

    - very thin
    - windpipe

    - strong rings of cartilage (keep the

    trachea open & prevent collapsing)

    Bronchi:

    1
    - Oxygen diffuses from the air in the

    alveoli into the blood

    - Carbon dioxide diffuses from the

    blood into the air

    Where does gas exchange occur?

     The alveoli are adapted to make

    gas exchange in the lungs happen

    easily and efficiently.

    Breathing

    Breathe in Breathe out

    ● Features of the alveoli: Diaphragm Goes down Goes up

    ● Moist/wet Ribs Expand Move inwards


    ● Thin walls (one cell thick)
    Lungs Bigger Smaller
    ● Big surface area

    ● Have a lot of capillaries

    Respiration
    How do the gases move?

    Word equation for aerobic respiration:


    The gases move by diffusion.

    Glucose + O → Co2 + water


    Diffusion: when gases move from high

    concentration to low concentration *Energy is released from glucose inside

    mitochondria
    Blood

    4 components of blood:

    1. Red Blood Cell

    - Transport oxygen from the lungs

    - No nucleus (to make place for

    haemoglobin)
    Haemoglobin Transport Oxygen
    - Contain haemoglobin (helps RBC cells

    absorb oxygen)

    2. White Blood Cell

    - Defend the body against infection from White Blood Cell

    microorganisms - Phagocyte - the microorganism is


    - Examples of WBC: Phagocytes, digested by powerful enzymes
    Lymphocytes, Platelets

    - Help blood to clot a wound

    3. Plasma

    - Carries all of the different types of cells

    contained in the blood

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