GOAT BREEDS, SELECTION AND

BREEDING
Dr. Angelito L. Lacadin

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Nueva Vizcaya State University (NVSU)
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
 Goat Breeds

• Characteristics: small,
stocky and low set
• Color and markings: red,
white or black or
combination of these colors
• Mature weight: 20 – 25
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 0.4 liter
• Lactation Period: 187 days

Philippine Native
 Goat Breeds
• Characteristics: taller
and bigger than native
• Color and markings:
vary in color
• Mature weight: 25 – 30
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 0.5 –
0.75 liter
• Lactation Period:
200days

Upgraded (50% Native: 50% Anglo-Nubian)

 Goat Breeds
• Characteristics: taller and
bigger, and heavier than
50:50
• Color and markings: vary in
color; tanning is more
pronounced
• Mature weight: 30 – 40
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 0.75 – 1
liter
• Lactation Period: 215 days
Upgrades (75% Anglo-Nubian : 25% Native
 Goat Breeds

• Characteristics: proud and

graceful in appearance;
long, wide and pendulous
ears; Roman nose
• Color and markings: black,
gray, cream, white shades
of tan, reddish brown, facial
stripes
• Mature weight: 60 – 75
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 1.5 – 2
liters
• Lactation Period: 250 days

Anglo-Nubian
 Goat Breeds
• Characteristics: meat type
with short to medium hair
and horns are prominent
• Color and markings:
reddish brown head and
neck with white body and
legs
• Mature weight: 70 – 90
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 1 – 10.5
liters
• Lactation period: 200 days

Boer
Weight (kg) of Full-blood Boer at different
physiological stage
BUCKS DOES

BIRTH 3.7 3.4

WEANING 24 22

7 MONTHS 40-50 35-45

12 MONTHS 50-70 45-65

MATURE 90-130 80-100

 Goat Breeds

• Characteristics: well-built
milky head and neck;
straight nose and erect ears;
“Queen of Dairy Goats”
• Color and markings: cream
to white with black spot on
nose and udder
• Mature weight: 65 – 75
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 2 liters
• Lactation period: 280 days

Saanen
 Goat Breeds

• Characteristics: sturdy, vigorous

and long life; ears are short and
erect or pointed forward; carried
forward
• Color and markings: light fawn to
dark chocolate with distinct white
markings; 2 white stripes down
the muzzle; fairly white from
knees downward & hind legs
• Mature weight: 60 – 80
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 1.5 - 1.75 liters
• Lactation period: 220 days

Toggenberg
 Goat Breeds

• Characteristics: dual
purpose type (meat and
milk)
• Color and markings: brown,
white with scattered brown
spots, long wide dotted ears
• Mature weight: 55
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 1.0-1.25
liters
• Lactation period: 210 days
Three-Way Cross
Growth Performance of Three-Way Cross Compared to
other Breeds

TWC’s
BW- is comparable to Boer and higher than other breeds
WW- is lower than Boer but comparable to Anglo-Nubian
MW- is lighter than purebreds but heavier than Upgrades and
Native
 Growth Chart By Breed

40
35
30
25 Native
20 Upgrades

15 3-way cross
Boer
10
Anglo
- Nubian
5
0
Birth wt Wt -at 1 Weaning wt Mature wt
mo.
Average Daily Gain of TWC
 TWC Advantages
• Three-Way Cross (TWC)
• Superior over Upgraded and Native in terms of
growth performance (birth weight, weaning weight,
mature weight, average daily gain)
• Comparable birth weight with Boer
• Comparable weaning weight with Anglo-Nubian
• Provides better economic returns than raising
native and upgraded
 Other Goat Breeds

LAMANCHA KIKO
 Selection and Culling
• Selection – is the process of choosing animals
with desirable traits that are fit for production

• Culling – is the process of removing animals

that are below average in production,
unsound or undesirable
 Characteristics of a Male
Breeding Stock
– Healthy with no
deformities
– Straight and strong legs
– Active and with high
libido
– Normal testicles
– With good pedigree
– Clean, shiny,healthy
coat
– 6-8 months and not < 25
kg
 Characteristics of a Female
Breeding Stock
• Healthy with no
deformities
• Straight and strong legs
• Normal genitals
• With good mothering
ability
• Normal teats(smooth,
firm, no infection and
swelling)
• Good pedigree
• 6-8 months of age & not
<20 kg
 Other Desirable Traits

Strong Legs Shiny Hair coat

Prolific Normal Teats Even testicles

 Culling
• Overshot and undershot jaws
• Cryptorchid
• Hermaphrodite
• Extra teats
• Twisted legs or feet
• Poor kid size
• Poor maternal instinct
• Poor milkers
Overshot
Overshot Mouth
Mouth
Undershot
Undershot Mouth
Mouth
Extra
Extra Teats
Teats
Split
Split Testicles
Testicles
Twisted/Folded Ears
Abnormal
Abnormal Legs
Legs
Weak
Weak Legs
Legs
Deformed
Deformed Hooves
Hooves
Abnormal
Abnormal Growth
Growth of
of Horn
Horn
Hermaphrodite
Hermaphrodite
 REPRODUCTIVE
REPRODUCTIVE
PHENOMENA
PHENOMENA OF
OF GOAT
GOAT

Puberty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - 5 months
Estrus period - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 3 days
Estrus cycle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 - 24 days (21)
Gestation period - - - - - - - - - - - 145 - 155 days (150)
Required breeding services - - - - 2 /heat period
Weaning period - - - - - - - - - - - -3-4 months
Growing period - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - 7 months
Sire Ratio --------------------------- 1 : 25 does
Breeding Systems
1. Inbreeding – mating of animals
that are closely
related

Unfavorable effects
a. reduces the animal’s
vigor
b. affects growth rate
c. reduces fertility
d. affects offspring’s
2. Crossbreeding
- mating of animals from two or more
established purebreds

- taking advantage of complimentarity

and hybrid vigor

- classified into two types: systematic

crossbreeding and upgrading.
- classified into terminal crossing and
rotational crossing
1. Terminal Crossing
- crosses produced are not used for
breeding
- sold as slaughter animals
2. Rotational Crossing
a. Single Cross- two purebreds are crossed
to produce F 1
b. Three-way cross and back
crossing
- F1s are mated to a 3rd breed
(three-way)
- F2s are mated to one of the sire
B. Upgrading
- mating of purebred sires to nondescript or native
females and their female offspring generation
after generation.
1 Purebred Buck X Native Doe

F1
2 Purebred Buck X (50% Purebred - 50% native)Doe

3 F2

Purebred Buck X (75% Purebred - 25% Native) Doe

F3

(87.5% Purebred – 12.5% Native)

 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

• Artificial Insemination (A.I.) involves

collection of semen from a buck and
transfer of the semen to the
reproductive tract of the doe through
the use of instruments rather than by
natural service.
Breeding Practices for Does

Estrus or “heat”

- period when doe shows sexual

interest and allows the buck to
serve her.

- lasts for 1-3 days

COMMON SIGNS

1. Mounting other goats irrespective of sex or allowing

other goats to mount the doe

2. Shaking of tail from side to side especially if other
goats rub over her
3. Bleating
4. Mucous discharge from the vulva
5. Vulva is swollen and inflamed
6. Nervousness
7. Frequent urination
8. Capricious appetite
9. Decrease in milk yield among milking does
- A doe may be bred for the first time at 8
months
- Doe is generally fertile and becomes
pregnant early on one service
- Two services is advisable for maiden does
- In restricted mating, she should be bred at
least 12 hours after the first sign of heat is
observed.
- If doe returns to heat in about 21 days, it
should be rebred
- Failure to conceive after breeding with
proven bucks for 2 cycles can be a good
reason for culling.
Breeding Practices for Bucks
- a buck should be allowed to serve doe for
the first time when he is 8 months old
- should not serve more than 20 does before
he is one year old
- after one year, gradually increase the services
- breeding load should be 1 buck for every 25 does
- Never allow buck to run with the herd with every
young does to prevent premature breeding.
-the bucks may be kept for as long as it is productive
provided it is not allowed to breed his own offspring