New dimensions in cattle and buffalo husbandry -

Improved breeding, feeding and other management

practices

Dr Sanjay Kumar
Associate Dean
PJMCDT, Hansdiha
Milch Cattle

• Sahiwal
• Red
Sindhi
• Gir
• Deoni
More than 1600
lit/lactataion
 Dual Purpose
• Male for Ploughing/ Draught • Cow- Milk prod. ≥ 500

• Angole
• Haryana
• Kankeraj
• Tharparkar
• Rathi
• Krishna
Velly
 Draught breed

Kangham
Umblacherry,
Amritmahal,
Hallikar

˂500 kg/lactation

• A pair of bullocks can haul 1000 kg. Net with an iron

typed cart on a good road at walking speed of 5 to 7 km
per hour and cover a distance of 30 - 40 km per day.
• Twice as much weight can be pulled on pneumatic
rubber tube carts.
Milch cattle

˃ 1700 kg of milk
Sahiwal (lola,
multani)
• Montgomery district
• Mainly found in Punjab,
Haryana, U.P, Delhi, Bihar
and M.P.
• Under village
condition :2150 kg
• Under commercial farms:
4000-5000 kg
• Age at first calving -Body
wt. - 522:340 kg
• Loose body
• Colour- pale red/ dark
brown
• Dulop- large
• Skin- soft
Sindhi/Karanchi

• Medium size &

compact
• Docile
• B.wt – 450:300 kg
• 1800- 2500 kg/lact.
• Compact body

Dark deep red colour or

dark brown
Male are darker
 Gir (kathiawari, Surti, Decan)
• found- Gir forest
areas of South
Kathiawar
• Under village
condition : 900 kg
• Under commercial
farms: 1600 kg
• Ear moderately
long

Almost red to black

• Three strains of
Gir cattle can be
found, The coat
colour of Gir
animals varies
from shades of
red and white to
almost black and
white or entire
red.
 Deoni

• North western and western parts of A.P.

• Good milk producers and bullocks are good for work
• B/W or R/W with irregular patches or spot
• Up to 1800 kg/lact.
nsouh
Milch and Draught breeds
nqpqn
Hariana
• Mainly found in
Karnal, Hisar and
Gurgaon district of
Haryana, Delhi and
Western M.P
• Milk yield –1140 -
4500 kgs
• Bullocks are powerful
for road transport
and rapid ploughing
Tharparkar (white sindhi, Grey Sindhi)

• Jodhpur, Kutch
& Jaisalmer
• Under village
condition :1660
kg
• Under
commercial
farms: 2500 kg
Tharparkar
 Kankrej
• One of the heaviest
• Mainly found in Gujarat
• Under village condi :1300 kg
• Under commercial farms :
3600 kg
• Age at first calving -36 to 42
months
• Calving interval – 15 to 16
months
• Bullocks are fast, active and
strong. Good for plough and
cart purpose
• Silver grey, iron grey or
blackish
 Draught Breeds

• Mainly found in Karnataka.

• Best suitable for ploughing and transport
Amritmahal

• Mainly found in
Karnataka.
• Best suitable for
ploughing and transport
Kangayam(Kanganad,Kongu)
• Erode district of
Tamilnadu in India.
• Mainly found in
Coimbatore, Erode,
Namakkal, Karur and
Dindigul districts of
Tamil Nadu.
• Best suited for
ploughing and
transport. Withstands
hardy conditions.
 • Origin: Tanjore district in
Umblacherry Tamilnadu.
• Distinguishing
characters:
• This breed has similar
characters as kangayam.
• Bulls are fairly
temperament but are
used for ploughing .
• Calves are red in colour
when born and become
grey in colour after 6
months of age.
• Cows are poor milker
with average milk yield of
300 kg/lactation.
• Male animals are good
for hard work.
 Hallikar
• Mainly found in
Tumkur, Hassan and
Mysore districts of
Karnataka
• Bullocks are strong, well
spirited, quick and
steady in the field as
well as on road.
 Khillari

• Sholapur & satara district of ????

Jersey island of jersey in the Distinguishing Characters:
English channel off • one of the oldest dairy
the coast of France. breeds
• very light gray or mouse
color to a very dark fawn or
a shade that is almost
black. Both the bulls and
females are commonly
darker about the hips and
about the head and
shoulders than on the
body.
• Age at first calving : 26-30
months
• Intercalving – 13-14
months
• Milk yield – 5000-8000 kg
• Daily milk yield= 20 L
/day.
• Cross bred = 8-10 L /day.
• In India this breed has
acclimatized well especially
Holstein Friesian • Origin: ?????
• Distinguishing Characters:
• large, stylish animals with
color patterns of black and
white or red and white.
• Holstein heifers can be bred
• Age ??? weight ???.
• Calve for the first time ????.
• Milk yield - 7200-9000 L /Lact.
• Best diary
• On an average it gives 25
L/day cow gives 10 - 15 liter
per day.
• It can perform well in coastal
and delta areas.
 CROSS BREEDING:
• mating of animals of different breeds.
• Cross breeding - for milk production and meat production.
• zebu breeds of cows and nondescript cows are crossed with
exotic breeds
• cross breeding work is going on at Military dairy farms,
NDRI Karnal,
• AICRP on Cattle, Collaboration projects like Indo-Swiss, Indo
Australian, Indo-Danish, projects and also in the field in
farmer’s he. The feeding and management of the crosses
would be better,
• There are several exotic breeds being used in cross breeding
programme, namely Holstein Friesian, Jersey, Brown Swiss
and Red dane. Holstein Friesian is found to be best suited
for fluid milk supply in cities, and where higher feed inputs
can be provided and where the temperature is temperate or
sub-tropical. In contrast Jersey crosses are ideal when the
milk is meant for product manufacture and where feed
inputs are limited and the climate is trop.
•higher birth weight,
faster growth rate, Adv.-
earlier age at first
calving, higher weight ;
at first calving, higher
lactation yield, longer
lactation period)
• Shorter service
period, dry period and Better reproductive efficiency
breeding efficiency, and indigenous parents
early maturity characters like, heat
tolerance, disease resistance
ability to thrive on scanty
feeding and coarse fodder etc
• Disadvantages:
• The breeding merit of cross breed animals
may be slightly reduced.
• Cross breeding requires maintenance of two
or more pure breeds inorder to product the
cross breeds.

Cross-breed cattle
The crossbreeds are having exotic inheritance from
Jersey, Brown Swiss or Holstein Friesian or a combination
of these different breeds. Jersey breed is known for the
milk fat percent and Holstein for the high quantity of milk.
Karan Frie • Tharparkar
cow x H.F
bulls.
• Tharparkar
cows, though
average
producers of
milk, are
highly valued
for their
ability to
withstand
hot and
humid
climate
 Cross-breed cattle in India
Name
S. Native
of the Specific region Assembling centre Remarks
No breed
Breed
India, Pakistan &
Brown Switzer
1 - other Asian Dairy
Swiss land
countries
Province of
Throughout the
Holstein North Holland
2 Holland country Dairy
Friesian & West
(crossbreds)
Friesland
Crossbreds
British
3 Jersey Island of Jersey available in Dairy
Isles
all states.
 Indigenous cattle of India
S. No. Breed Habitat/Main State
Breeding Tract
Districts
Remarks
Tumkur,
1 Hallikar Karnataka Hassan & Draught
Mysore
2 Kangayam Tamil Nadu Erode Draught
Pakistan All parts of
3 Red Sindhi - Dairy
India
Umarkot,
Naukot,
4 Tharparkar Pakistan(sind) Dairy
Dhoro Naro
Chor
5 Vechur Kerala - -