OVERVIEW

⮚Historical view of accident causation

⮚Heinrich Model of Accident Causation
⮚Modern Accident Causation Model
⮚Seven Countermeasure Avenues
⮚Army System Model
ACTS NATURAL SIDE
OF EFFECT
GOD OF PRODUCTION

ACCIDENTS

NO. IS PEOPLE
UP ERRORS
APPRO CARELESSNESS
ACH
 SOCIAL
ENVIRONME FAULT OF UNSAFE ACTS
NT PERSON UNSAFE COND ACCIDENT
ANCESTRY

RESULT

MISTAKES OF PEOPLE
 ENGINEER
FOR
SAFETY
3 E’s of
INSTRUCTION ACCIDENT
S
PREVENTION
UNSAFE COND
PERSUASION/ ENGINEERING
APPEAL EDUCATION
ENFORCEMENT
DISCIPLINE
OPERATING
ERROR MISHAP RESULT

NO DAMAGE
OR INJURY

MAJOR DAMAGE
MANY FATALITIES
✈ Taking an unsafe position
✈ Stacking supplies in unstackable stacks
✈ Poor housekeeping
✈ Removing a guard
 OPERATING
ERROR MISHAP RESULT

NO DAMAGE
OR INJURY
SYSTEM
DEFECTS

MAJOR DAMAGE
INHERITED OR MANY FATALITIES
ACQUIRED PERS
CHARACTERISTICS
⮚Weaknesses in the way the system is designed or operated

EXAMPLES:
✈ Improper assignment of responsibility
✈ Creation of an improper climate of motivation
✈ Inadequate provisions for trng and education
✈ Poor provisions for providing suitable eqpt/supplies
✈ Improper proc for selection and assignment of pers
✈ Improper allocation
 OPERATING
ERROR MISHAP RESULT

NO DAMAGE
OR INJURY
SYSTEM
DEFECTS

MAJOR DAMAGE
INHERITED OR MANY FATALITIES
ACQUIRED PERS
MGMT ERROR CHARACTERISTICS
✈ Safety Management Error- a weakness in the knowledge
or motivation of a safety manager that permits a preventable defect
in the safety program to exist

✈ Safety Program Defect- a defect in some aspect of the

safety program that allows an avoidable error to exist
Examples:
✔ Ineffective information collection
✔ Weak causation analysis
✔ Poor Countermeasures
✔ Inadequate control
SAFETY SAFETY
MGMT PROG MGMT
ERROR DEFECT ERROR

MISHAP OPERATING SYSTEMS

ERROR DEFECT

RESULTS
SAFETY
MGMT
TRAINING
ERROR EDUCATION
MOTIVATION
TASK DESIGN
SAFETY
PROG REVISE INFO COLLECTION
DEFECTS
ANALYSIS
IMPLEMENTATION
MANAGEMEN
T
TRAINING
ERROR EDUCATION
MOTIVATION
TASK DESIGN
SYSTEMS DESIGN REVISION VIA SOP,
DEFECT
REGULATIONS,
COMMAND LETTERS,
POLICY STATEMENTS
OPERATING
ERROR ENGINEERING
TRAINING
MOTIVATION
MISHAP PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
BARRIERS
SEPARATION
 CONTAINMENT ACTIVITY
RESULTS FIRE FIGHTING
RESCUE
EVACUATION
FIRST AID
 ENVIRONMENT
TASKS PERSON TRAINING MATERIAL

COMMO SELECTION: TYPES: FACILITIES MACHINE

CONTROL MENTALLY INITIAL GROUNDS DESIGN
ARRANGE- PHYSICALLY UPDATE LIGHTING SUPPLIES
MENTS EMOT’NALLY REMEDIAL NOISE MAINTEN-
DEMANDS MOTIVATION: TARGETS: VENTILATION ANCE
ON MEN POSITIVE OPERATING WEATHER
TIME NEGATIVE SPRVISORY
ASPECTS
RETENTION MGMT
CONSIDERATIONS:
QUALITY
QUANTITY
SUMMARY

⮚Historical view of accident causation

⮚Heinrich Model of Accident Causation
⮚Modern Accident Causation Model
⮚Seven Countermeasure Avenues
⮚Army System Model