Feed Source and Nutrient Content

&
Feed Formulation

PRESENTED BY: JOSHUA CORTEZ

 Roughages

Types of Concentrates
Feeds
Mixed feeds
 What is Roughages?

Roughages include pasture forages, hays,

silages, and byproduct feeds that contain a
high percentage of fiber.
Hay
Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have
been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder,

Silage
silage is forage plants such as corn (maize),
legumes, and grasses that have been chopped and
stored
 Feed grain
Feed grain is any grain used for livestock feed, including
corn, grain sorghum, oats, rye, and barley.

Rice bran
Rice bran is one of the main byproducts in the
process of the rice milling. It is the outer brown
layer of brown rice and is separated during the
milling
 Concentrate feeds

A feed used with another to

improve the nutritive balance of
the total and intended to be
further diluted and mixed to
produce a supplement or a
complete feed.
 Mix feeds

a feed for livestock that consists

of a mixture of wheat particles,
bran, middlings, shorts, and
other material in various
proportions and is a by-product
of flour milling
Feed Nutrition
 The most common protein sources

Protein
Oil cakes
The majority of animal tissues and organs need proteins
and other elements as their building blocks. Therefore, Leaves and straws
proteins in animal nutrition are needed for the growth
and regeneration of tissues.
Non protein nitrogen

Insect and worms

 The most common Carb & Fat
Sources
Carbohydrates and fats
Oats
Carbohydrates provide energy and should make up about
75 percent of an animal's diet. Carbohydrates may be Wheat
simple (sugars and starch) or complex (fiber). Fats, or
lipids, are food components that provide energy and are
Barley
also the form in which animals store energy. Forages and hay
Minerals
Minerals play an important role in the metabolic functions
of livestock and poultry. These functions support growth,
development, production, immune function and
reproductive performance.
Minerals
Minerals play an important role in the metabolic functions

of livestock and poultry. These functions support growth,

development, production, immune function and

reproductive performance.

General functions of Minerals:

These are Protective function, Structural function, Regulatory function, General metabolic
function.

Milk production Ca, P

Immune System Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Fe, Se
Energy Metabolism Mg, P, Mn
Hormone system Mn, Zn, Mg, Fe, K
Vitamin synthesis Co, S
RBC synthesis Fe, Cu
Co-factor of Enzymes Zn, Cu, Mn, K, Mg, Ca, Mo
Skeletal system Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, P
Vitamins
Vitamins aid an animal by helping regulate body functions,
keeping the body healthy, and promoting resistance to
diseases.
Vitamins
Vitamins aid an animal by helping regulate body functions,

keeping the body healthy, and promoting resistance to

diseases.

Vitamin D Corn ger meal

Vitamin E Dehydrated Alfafa
Vitamin K Sun curved Alfafa
Vitamin B6 Sesame meal
Vitamin B12 Fish meal
Riboflavin Dried skim milk
Niacin Rice bran
Biotin Molasses
Pantothenic Acid Peanut meal
Folate Bone meal
choline Soybean meal
Feed Formulation
 What is Feed formulation?

Feed formulation for commercial purposes refers to the exercise

of determining volumes of ingredients and additives to blend to
create compound feeds that meet the known nutrient
requirements of targeted species and achieve production goals at
an optimized cost.
 Factors to be considered on feed formulation

• The Physiological state of the animals

• Availability of feed ingredients
• Species of animal
• Production target
• Cost
• Nutrient requirement of animal