CHAPTER 3

Lesson 2: Cavite of Mutiny

- Spaniard’s Version of The Cavity of 1872
- Filipino’s Version of The Cavity of 1872
-The Official Report of Governor
Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny 1872
Cavite Mutiny, (January 20,
1872), brief uprising of 200
Filipino troops and workers
at the Cavite arsenal, which
became the excuse for
Spanish repression of the
embryonic Philippine
nationalist movement.
Ironically, the harsh reaction
of the Spanish authorities
served ultimately to promote
the nationalist cause.
-The Cavite mutiny was an uprising of
military personnel of Fort San Felipe, the
Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippines.
People rose up in the belief that it would
elevate to a national uprising,
however it was unsuccessful, and
government soldiers executed many of the
participants and began to crack down on an
burgeoning (increasing) nationalist
movement.
This event is meaningful to the following
Filipinos – GomBurZa: Mariano Gómez, José
Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three
Filipino priests who were executed on 17
February
1872 at Bagumbayan in Manila, Philippines by
Spanish colonial authorities on charges of
subversion (undermining of authority) arising
from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. Their execution
left a profound effect on many Filipinos; José
Rizal, the national hero, would dedicate his
novel El filibusterismo to their memory.
- Filipino’s Version of The Cavity of 1872
One hundred and forty years ago, on January
20, 1872, about 200 Filipino military personnel
of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite,
Philippines, staged a mutiny which in a way
led to the Philippine Revolution in 1896. The
1872 Cavite Mutiny was precipitated by the
removal of long-standing personal benefits to
the workers such as tax (tribute) and forced
labor exemptions on order from the Governor
General Rafael de Izquierdo.
 Spaniard’s Version of The Cavity of
1872
 Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian documented the event
and highlighted it as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines. Meanwhile, Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s
official report magnified the event and made use of it to implicate the
native clergy, which was then active in the call for secularization. The
two accounts complimented and corroborated with one other, only that
the general’s report was more spiteful. Initially, both Montero and
Izquierdo scored out that the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the
workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-payment of tributes and
exemption from force labor were the main reasons of the “revolution” as
how they called it, however, other causes were enumerated by them
including the Spanish Revolution which overthrew the secular throne,
dirty propagandas proliferated by unrestrained press, democratic, liberal
and republican books and pamphlets reaching the Philippines, and most
importantly, the presence of the native clergy who out of animosity
against the Spanish friars, “conspired and supported” the rebels and
enemies of Spain.
Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
*He was the Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite
mutiny which led to execution of 41 of the mutineers,
including the Gomburza martyrs.
*acted as Governor-General of the Philippines 4 April
1871 to 8 January 1873
Who is he?
Izquierdo was famous for his use of "Iron Fist"
type of government, contradicting the liberal
government of his predecessor. He was the
Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite mutiny
which led to execution of 41 of the mutineers,
including the GOMBURZA martyrs.
- Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez
A Spanish Military Officer, politician, and statesman.
A Governor –General of the Philippines (1871-1873)
He was famous for his use of “Iron Fist”
Led to execution – 41 of the mutineers.
Acted as Governor-General of Puerto Rico
- Content of his official report on cavite mutiny
Active the movement toward secularization of
parishes.
Attempt to overthrow Spanish government in
Philippines
A new “Hari” in the persons of father Burgos/Zamora
Lofty rewards and ranks in the army
Planned establish a monarchy or republic
The results of his official report on
cavite mutiny
In results, leaders of the plot were
killed;
Father Mariano Gomes de Los Angeles
Father Jose Apolonio Burgos Y Garcia
Father Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario
They were tried to court – martial.
As results they were sentenced to be
executed
- Mariano Gomes de los Angeles
A well-known Roman catholic priest during their
time.
Mixed native(Filipino), chinese,and Spanish
ancestries
Designated as the head priest of bacoor, cavite.
Fought the rights of his fellow native priests.
Active in the publication of newspaper la verdad.
- Jose Apolonio Burgos y Garcia
Born in vigan, ilocos sur on february 9, 1837
Studied at the colegio san juan de letran.
Went to the university of santo tomas.
- Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario
Born on August 14, 1835 in pandacan
Studied at colegio de san juan de Letran.
 Execution of Gomburza
Gomburza were executed by
garotte in public to serve as a
threat to filipinos never to
attempt to fight the spaniards
again. This is scene purportedly
witnessed by a young Jose Rizal.