After the 1986 EDSA

People Power

THE SPEECH OF
PRES. CORAZON AQUINO

Course Developers
Percival S. Gabriel
Rhinalou Cervantes- Salamat
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
MARTIAL LAW
• PRES. FERDINAND MARCOS kept in prison
his staunch critique and rival, SEN. BENIGNO
“NINOY” AQUINO JR.
• Conviction on trumped up charges of re-
bellion and subversion in a military
court
• Ninoy suffered heart attack while in de-
tention (1980)
• His condition was his ticket and his
family’s to fly to the United States
where he would undergo heart
surgery.
• He was able to secure temporary
freedom and reunion with his family
for three years.
 1983…
INSTABILITY was rocking
the MARCOS REGIME
• Marcos was at his twilight years due to
LUPUS.
• FACTIONALISM was cracking the
JUAN PONCE ENRILE
regime:
• Marcos’s defense minister, Juan
Ponce Enrile
• Armed Forces Chief of Staff and
first cousin, Gen. Fabian Ver
• First Lady Imelda Marcos

FABIAN VER
IMELDA MARCOS
Assassination

MARCIAL BONIFACIO
• Name used by Benigno Aquino Jr when
he decided to slip to the country.
• Marcial after the words Martial Law and
Bonifacio
• On August 21, 1983, China Airlines
Flight 811 touched down on Manila Inter-
national Airport only to be fetched by mili-
tary men and shot on his way down the
airline’s stairs.
• Two bodies lay on the tarmac of
ROLANDO GALMAN the airport, Ninoy and the sus-
pected gunmen, Rolando Gal-
man.
• The FUNERAL on August 31
• Proved worrisome for the
Marcos which could translate
to the loss of legitimacy for
the regime.
NINOY’S FUNERAL
THE ASSASSINATION AND THE IN-
VESTIGATION

• FERNANDO COMMISSION
• Created by Marcos to investigate the as-
sassination
• Named after its chairman, Supreme
Court Justice, Enrique Fernando and
four other retired supreme court justices
only to resign days after due to public
criticism.
• Marcos was compelled to create an in-
vestigative body that was not tainted with
bias.
THE ASSASSINATION AND THE IN-
VESTIGATION
• AGRAVA FACT-FINDING BOARD
• Composed of a retired Court of Appeals Justice
far from Marcos’s grasp of influence and civilians
from the different sectors.
• Chaired by Retired Justice Corazon Agrava and
composed of lawyer Luciano Salazar, businessman
Dante Santos, Labor leader Ernesto Herrera, edu-
cator Amado Dizon, and the board’s counsel An-
dres Narvasa.
• The board came up with two reports:
• Chairman’s minority: Result of a military
conspiracy but did not implicate anyone in the
higher-ups;
• Member’s majority: Implicated Gen. Ver, Gen.
Prospero Olivas of the Metro Manila Command
(Metrocom) and Gen. Luther Custodio of the Avi-
ation Security Command (Avsecom).
 TRIAL FOR THE ONES IMPLI-
CATED…
• Commenced in 1985 at the
Sandiganbayan, only to be ac-
quitted for lack of evidence.
– Gen. Ver who was one of the
accused was temporarily re-
lived from his post only to be
re-instated after the acquittal.
– Public outrage grew the more
General Fabian Ver
as Marcos’s legitimacy was
General Prospero Olivas now denounced publicly and
held under fire.
– This led Marcos to issue a di-
rective for the conduct of a
snap election in February 7,
1986.

General Luther Custodio

THE SNAP ELECTION
• SALVADOR LAUREL
• A friend and ally of Ninoy
• Headed the political opposition to create a
united front under a political party known as the
United Democratic Opposition (UNIDO)
• This would confront Marcos with his party,
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL).
• Run as vice president for Cory
• CORAZON “CORY” AQUINO
• The unassuming, quiet widow of Ninoy became
very popular figure
• Her untainted character and demeanor made
her a popular choice.
• Her simple manner was symbolic of the peo-
ple’s desire for a fresh start.
• Marcos would test his administration’s legitimacy with
Minister of Foreign Affairs, ARTURO TOLENTINO as
his running-mate.
 THE SNAP ELECTION: Results
• February 7, 1986
• The election was held
• COUNTING OF BALLOTS
• It was broadcast in national television
• Cory was winning only to be overturned by Marcos’s
lead.
• 30 computer encoders, hired by the COMELEC
walked out of the PICC on protest of election
FRAUD.
• It was where counting is being done.
• LINDA KAPUNAN
– Wife of Lt. Col. Eduardo “Red” Kapunan
of the Reformed the Armed Forces Move-
ment (RAM)
– Leader of the group who walked out
• RESULTS:
• Marcos WON with votes numbering 7,835,070
against Cory’s 7,053,068
LINDA AND EDUARDO KAPUNAN
(Agoncillo and Mangahas 2010:268)
 THE COUP D’ETAT
•
February 22, 1986
• RAM officers in close association with Minister
Juan Ponce Enrile mounted a coup d’etat.
• Discovered by Marcos.
• The coup plotters took refuge inside CAMP
AGUINALDO and enjoined GEN. FIDEL
RAMOS, Chief of the Philippine Constabulary at
Camp Crame in this attempt TO TOPPLE THE
MARCOS REGIME.
• Manila Archbishop, JAIME CARDINAL SIN
• Issued an appeal on radio to the public to mass
around the two military camps in support of the
coup plotters.
JUNE KEITHLY AND STAFF
• RADYO BANDIDO
• Was set up by veteran broadcaster JUNE
KEITHLEY in rousing the call for more
people to mass up along EDSA
• The People Power Revolution had begun
when throngs of people headed the call.
RAMOS, ENRILE AND SIN
THE 1986 EDSA REVOLUTION