GUIDE TO MANGROVE

IDENTIFICATION
 Family Avicenniaceae

• Avicennia alba
• Avicennia officinalis
• Avicennia marina
• Avicennia rumphiana
 Avicennia alba (piyapi)

LEAVES FLOWERS
• Simple, opposite • Small yellow flower occurring
•Glossy, green on the topside in cluster
•Whitish on the underside
FRUITS
• Shape of elongated inverted teardrops
•Whitish/greyish green in color
 Avicennia officinalis (miapi)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Simple, opposite leaves with • Small yellow flower occurring
rounded tips in cluster
• Bright to dark green on the topside
• Light green on the underside
FRUITS
• Broadly ovate with a short beak, covered
with a short hair, yellowish brown in color
 Avicennia marina (miapi)

LEAVES FLOWERS
• Simple, opposite with pointed tips • Small yellow flowers occurring
• Green on the topside in cluster
• Yellow or whitish green on the under
side
TRUNK FRUIT
• Greenish/ yellowish grey • Shape of a fat inverted teardrop
• Light green in color
 Avicennia rumphiana (miapi)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Simple opposite leaves, with rounded • Small yellow flowers
tips occurring in cluster
• Dark green on topside
• Underside is light - brown
FRUIT
• Broadly ovate, covered with short hair
giving it a furry appearance
 Family Bombacaceae

• Camptostemon philippinense
Camptostemon philippinense (gapas-gapas)

LEAVES
• Alternate, simple
& lobed
 Family Combretaceae

• Lumnitzera littorea
• Lumnitzera racemosa
 Lumnitzera littorea (tabao, culasi)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Simple, alternate, narrowly drop • Color red and occur in cluster
shape, with a rounded tip • Strongly scented with lots of nectar
FRUIT
• Vase shaped, buoyant
Lumnitzera racemosa (tabao, culasi)

LEAVES FLOWERS
• Simple, alternate obovate leaves • White and occur in clusters
with rounded tip •Rich in nectar, weak scent
FRUITS
• Fibrous and compressed sideways
• Bouyant
• Turn brown with age
 Family Euphorbiaceae

• Excoecaria agallocha
 Excoecaria agallocha (buta-buta/batiyano)

Leaves
• Simple, alternate, elliptical leaves
with a pointed tip and tooth margin
• Turn yellow, orange or even reddish
before they shed
Flowers
• Tiny flowers are spirally arranged
on catkin like, elongated cluster
Fruits Trunk
• Capsules with 3 lobes, and compartments • Greenish or brownish, somewhat
each with 1 seed warty
 Family Lythraceae

• Pemphis acidula
 Pemphis acidula

LEAVES FRUIT
• Simple, opposite covered with • Small about 5 mm across, turning
fine hair reddish brown as they mature
• Smallest among the local mangrove
species
TREES
• Occur in from of spreading shrubs
 Family Meliaceae

• Xylocarpus granatum
• Xylocarpus moluccensis
 Xylocarpus granatum (tabigi)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Pinnately compound leaves with • Form cluster with whitish petals
1 to 2 pairs of leaflets that are round
Or egg shaped with rounded tips
FRUIT TRUNK
• Round, about the size of a • Plank-like buttress root
small coconut, larger than • Trunk has thin and flaking barks
other species usually light brown in color
 Xylocarpus moluccensis (piag-ao, tabigi)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Pinnately compound leaves, leaflets • Form cluster with whitish petal
are oval to egg shaped with pointed
tips
FRUIT
• round, about 10 cm wide
 Family Myrsinaceae

• Aegiceras corniculatum
• Aegiceras floridum
 Aegiceras corniculatum (karamkam)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Alternative/sub opposite leaves • White with protruding anthers
arranged in a somewhat spiral and a pinkish style
manner
FRUIT
• Young fruits appeared like bunch
of chili
• Green to pinkish to red in color,
strongly curved
 Aegiceras floridum (karamkam)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Obovate, rounded to emarginate • 5 petals, white, raceme
FRUIT
• Cylindrical fruit, short, erect
slightly curved
 Family Palmae

• Nypa fruticans
 Nypa fruticans (Nipa, Sani)

FLOWER
LEAVES •brick red to yellow in color
• Lanceolate, acute •(male flower – catkin like
Female – globose head
Fruits: globose similar to pandanus
 Family Rhizophoraceae
• Bruguiera cylindra
• Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
• Bruguiera parviflora
• Bruguiera sexangula
• Ceriops decandra
• Ceriops tagal
• Rhizophora apiculata
• Rhizophora mucronata
• Rhizophora stylosa
 Bruguiera cylindrica (pototan)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Simple, opposite leaves that are • Small flowers are white and turn
elliptic with pointed tips brown quickly
• Calyx is claw-like
FRUIT
• Calyx lobes bend upwards as the seedlings
mature
• Seedling itself is cylindrical and often curve
• Long (more than .03 cm)
 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (pototan)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Elliptical, apex acuminate • Petal white to brown
FRUIT
• Cylindrical fruits, detach with calyx
 Bruguiera parviflora (pototan)

Leaves Flower
• Simple opposite leaves, • Small flower, with yellow petals
that are elliptical with pointed • Calyx tube is usually light green or
tips whitish in color
Fruit
• Short calyx lobes are straight, extending downward
• Turn slightly reddish as they mature
 Bruguiera sexangula (pototan)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Simple, opposite leathery • Comes with petals but rapidly turn
leaves that are elliptic with brown
pointed tips
FRUIT
• Short cylindrical fruit, detaches with calyx
 Ceriops decandra (baras-baras/wakat)

LEAVES
FRUIT
• Obovate, rounded
• Cylindrical fruit, erect
• Shorter than C. tagal, cotyledonary
FLOWER
collar dark red in mature fruit
• Five petals, white to brown
 Ceriops tagal (tungog, tangal)

LEAVES FRUIT
• Obovate to rounded • Cylindrical fruit hanging, pointed apically
• Longer than C. decandra
FLOWER • Cotyledonary collar yellow in mature fruit
• 5 petals, white & brown
 Rhizophora apiculata (Bakhaw lalaki)

LEAVES FLOWER
• Simple, opposite, leathery leaves • 4 white petals
that are narrowly elliptic with pointed
tips
Fruit
• cylindrical fruits, buoyant

Noticeable characters:
Leaf smaller than other Rhizophora
 Rhizophora mucronata (bakhaw babae)

LEAVES
• Eliptical, apex aristate
(with an abrupt tooth like tip)
FLOWER
•Stalks of flower heads are long
and forked 2-3 times, and 2-14
flowers on long individual stalks
up to 5 cm long
FRUIT: cylindrical fruits, bouyant

Noticeable characters: leaves are larger

than R. stylosa, widest at the middle, short
style
 Rhizophora stylosa (bakhaw bato)

Leaf: aristate (with an abrupt toothlike-tip)

10-18 cm long
Flower: 4, white petals
Fruit: cylindrical fruit, smaller than R.
mucronata
 Family Sonneratiaceae

• Sonneratia alba
• Sonneratia caseolaris
• Sonneratia ovata
 Sonneratia alba (pagatpat)

LEAVES FLOWER
• simple, opposite leaves that • sepals of the flower are red inside and
are broadly drop-shaped with green outside. Petals are small and white,
rounded tips. and are shed quickly.
FRUIT
• somewhat pear-shaped with persistent sepals
whose tips bend back towards the stalk
 Sonneratia caseolaris (pagatpat)

LEAVES
FRUIT
• simple, opposite leaves
• persimmon-like with a flattened calyx
with pointed tips
tube. The sepals extend horizontally
from the stalk or bend down towards
the fruit
FLOWER
• bud that is about to open may have pinkish to dark red stamens.
•The sepals of the flower are green outside and yellow inside
 Sonneratia ovata (pagatpat)

LEAVES
FRUIT
• simple, opposite leaves that are
• fruits are round, with the calyx
broadly ovate, oval or almost
enveloping the berry
round
FLOWER
• mature flower buds reveal the white stamens and
long style about a day before it finally blooms
SALAMAT