Mathematics for

Economics and
Business
Dr. Iman Hassaballa

LECTURE 2 1
Outline
Linear Function
Formulas of a Linear Function
 General Formula
 Slope-Intercept Form
 Point- Slope Form
Finding a formula for a linear function from
 A table of data
 A graph
 A Verbal Description (world Problem)
Parallel & Perpendicular Lines
Intersection of two Lines LECTURE 2 2
Different Forms of linear Function

LECTURE 2 3
 1- Slope Intercept Form

Y = b + mx
b is y- intercept
m is slope
2- The Point- Slope Form
y − = m(x − )
where m is the slope
(, ) is a point on the line
3- General Formula of a Linear Function
Output = Initial Value + Rate of Change * Input
LECTURE 2 4
Practice
1- Find the equation of the line that passes
through the point (5, 1) with slope =

2- Find the equation of the line that passes

through the point (3, -2) & (1,6)

LECTURE 2 5
Finding a formula for a linear function from a table

LECTURE 1 6
 Practice
Given the table below write a linear
equation that represents the table values
using
a) Slope – intercept form
b) Point- slope form

W number of 0 2 4 6
weeks
P(w) 1000 1080 1160 1240

LECTURE 2 7
 a) b=1000
m= = = 40

P(w)= mw + b
= 40w + 1000

b)Using point- slope form

P- P0= m(w-w0)
Using the point (2, 1080)
P-1080= 40(w-2)
P- 1080= 40w- 80
P= 40w + 1000
LECTURE 2 8
Finding a formula for a linear function from a word
problem

LECTURE 1 9
Example 1
Sara pays $224 in advance on her account at the health club. Each time she visits
the club $7 is deducted from the account. Write an equation that represents the
value remaining in her account after x visits. Find the value remaining in the
account after 16 visits. 250
224

200
Y: value remaining in her 168

account 150

X: number of visits 112

y
100

Y= 224- 7
50

x 0 8 16
0
y 224 168 112 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

LECTURE 2 10
 Example 2:
A manufacturer’s total cost consists of a fixed overhead of $200 plus production costs
of $50 per unit.
a- Express the total cost as a function of the number of units produced
b- Draw the graph
C- Find the slope

X: number of units produced

C: total cost

C(x)= 200 +50

x 0 2 3
C(x) 200 300 350

LECTURE 2 11
m= rate of change= slope=
=

m= = = 50

(x1,y,1)

Vertical-intercept
(y- intercept)

LECTURE 2 12
Outline
Linear Function
Finding a formula for a linear function from
 A table of data
 A Verbal Description (world Problem)
 A Graph
Formulas of a Linear Function
 General Formula
 Slope-Intercept Form
 Point- Slope Form
Parallel & Perpendicular Lines
Intersection of two Lines LECTURE 2 13
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

LECTURE 1 14
Slopes of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Two parallel lines have equal slopes.
m1= m2

Perpendicular lines: Slopes of l1 and l2 are negative

reciprocals of each other
m1= -

LECTURE 2 15
Practice
a) What is the equation of a line parallel to y = -4x + 5 and passing through the point (6,-3)

b) . What is the equation of a line perpendicular to 2y = x - 4 and passing through the point
(-4,1)?

LECTURE 2 16
What is the equation of a line parallel to y = -4x + 5 and passing through the point
(6,-3)?

The slope of the line y = -4x + 5 is -4

Since parallel lines have = slopes,

-4.

Use the point -slope form of the equation of a line:

y - y1 = m(x - x1).
m = -4 , (x1, y1) = (6,-3)

y - (-3) = -4(x - 6)
y + 3 = -4x + 24
y = -4x + 21

LECTURE 2 17
2. What is the equation of a line perpendicular to 2y = x - 4 and passing through the point
(-4,1)?

The slope of the given line, 2y = x - 4 is ½

Since perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes,
-2.
Use the point-slope form of the equation of a line:
y - y1 = m(x - x1).
m = -2 (x1, y1) = (-4,1)
y - 1 = -2(x - (-4))
y -1 = -2x - 8
y = -2x - 7

LECTURE 2 18
Outline
Linear Function
Formulas of a Linear Function
 General Formula
 Slope-Intercept Form
 Point- Slope Form
Finding a formula for a linear function from
 A table of data
 A graph
 A Verbal Description (world Problem)
Parallel & Perpendicular Lines
Intersection of two Lines LECTURE 2 19
Solving Simultaneous Equations
Example
4x + 3y = 11 (eq.1)
2x + y = 5 (eq.2)
Express both equations in terms of the same value of x (or y)
4x = 11 - 3y (eq.1’)
4x = 10 - 2y (eq.2’)
Hence
11 - 3y = 10 - 2y
Collect terms
11 – 10 = -2y + 3y
y=1
Compute x
4x = 10 - 2y
4x = 10 – 2 = 8
x=2

LECTURE 2 20
 Methods for solving Simultaneous Equations
a) The substitution method

Find the values of x and y in the following equations using the substitution method.
20 x + 6 y =500…………….. (i)
10x – 2 y = 200……….......... (ii)
If we arrange equation (ii) so as to define or represent y in terms of x, we get:
10x - 200=2y
Dividing through by 2, we get:
5x-100 =y
We then substitute the new value of y (obtained in equation (ii)) in equation (i) as follows:
20x +6y=500 .....(i) now becomes
20x +6(5x-100) =500 ........(iii)
On opening the brackets, we get:
20x +30x -600=500
On collecting like terms, we get:
50x=1100
x=22

LECTURE 3 21
We would then substitute the value of x in equation (ii) to get:
220-2y=200
220=200 +27
20= 2y
y =10

LECTURE 3 22
Methods for solving Simultaneous
Equations
b) Elimination method (Row Operation Method)
We can also use the row operation to get the same result. Using the above example,
Where 20x + 6y =500 and ………..(i)
10x – 2 y =200……….. (ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 3, we get:
30x - 6y=600………… (iii)
Adding equation (iii) to equation (i), we get
50x =1100
x =22
We then substitute for x in any of the equations to get y=10.

LECTURE 3 23
 Practice
The figure gives the population of two
different towns over a 50-year period of
time
(a)Which town starts (in year t=0) with the
most people
(b)Which town is growing faster over these
50 years?
(a) Town B starts in year t=0 with
the most people

(b) Town A is growing faster

over these 50 years

LECTURE 2 24
LECTURE 2 26