Potential energy

Is the stored energy in any object or system because of its position or arrangement
of parts.
Is the stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.
A spring has more potential energy when it is compressed or stretched.
A steel ball has more potential energy raised above the ground than it has after falling to
Earth. In the raised position it is capable of doing more work.
Different forms of potential energy are:
1. Elastic Potential Energy.

2. Electrical (Electromagnetic) Potential Energy.

3. Gravitational Potential Energy.

4. Nuclear Potential Energy.

Elastic potential energy
Anything that can act like a spring or a rubber band can have elastic potential
energy.

To stretch the rubber band you have to use energy. That energy has now been
turned into elastic potential energy.
To get that energy back, just let go of the rubber band and its potential energy is
converted primarily into kinetic energy.
Springs work the same way, but you can either stretch or compress them.
Gravitational Potential Energy
There is a constant attractive force between the Earth and everything surrounding it,
due to gravity.

To lift something off the ground it takes energy, so just by lifting an object, that object
now has higher gravitational potential energy.

Gravitational potential energy is typically converted into kinetic energy (an object
falling) before it is converted into any other type of energy.
Chemical Potential Energy
A chemical bond can be thought of as an attractive force between atoms.
Because of this, atoms and molecules can have chemical potential energy.
All foods have some energy stored in them, but the difference is how quickly the energy
can be released.
Sweet foods release energy quickly.
Fuels, have lots of chemical energy in them.
Nuclear energy
Involves the reaction at the centre of atoms.
When atoms react in chemical reactions, they usually release only small
amounts of energy.
However, if a chain reaction take place, the amount of energy released is
much, much larger.
Nuclear fission is a reaction where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller
nuclei, while releasing energy.

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