AIR SYSTEM

AIR SYSTEM
 AIR SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The air system is required to supply filtered, smooth flowing air to

the gas generator for combustion and cooling with minimal pressure
drop to allow full power operation

Filtered air for combustion

Filtered air to cool and ventilate equipment enclosures

Air to provide Power Turbine rim cooling during operation

Air to Power Turbine seal during operation

Auxiliary air to provide GG 05 module cooling for ESD

Auxiliary air to provide Power Turbine seal air during startup and shutdown

Deliver excess air from Gas Generator to safe atmosphere. (Bleed Air)

AIR SYSTEM
THE PACKAGE AIR SYSTEM CAN BE DEVIDED
INTO SIX SEPARATE SUB SYSTEMS

1. INLET AIR SYSTEM (INCUDING VENTILATION)

2. BLEED AIR SYSTEM

3. POWER TURBINE SEAL AIR SYSTEM

4. POWER TURBINE RIM COOLING AIR SYSTEM

5. INSTRUMENT AIR SYSTEM

6. EXHAUST GAS SYSTEM.

AIR SYSTEM
INLET AIR SYSTEM &
VENTILATION

AIR SYSTEM
 AIR FILTRATION BASICS

• Air filters operate in many different environments and

are exposed to many different types of contaminants.

• Air filters respond differently to different types of

contaminants.

• The total environmental challenge to an air filter

includes many factors that interact
– Particles, gasses, relative humidity, temperature,
vibration
• Filtration needs vary by application.

AIR SYSTEM
 CONTAMINANTS

• Solid, Liquid, or Gas

• Shape
• Size
• Material
• Concentration
• Source - Combustion, condensation, mechanical,
biological, etc.

AIR SYSTEM
 INTERACTIONS

• At high RH salt deliquesces (Melts and becomes liquid)

• If accelerated, cool saturated air forms water or ice

• Volatiles can evaporate or condense

AIR SYSTEM
 DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

Fresh air Smog Sand

Fog Salty Industrial

pollutants

AIR SYSTEM
 SIZE RANGE OF VARIOUS CONTAMINANTS

Microns 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000

(Log Scale)
Scanning Electron Optical Visible to
Microscope Microscope Naked Eye

SAE Fine Dust

Test
Aerosols Atomized NaCl SAE Coarse Dust

DOP Test

Aqueous Mold
Smog
Salts Spores
Human
Diesel Soot
Hair
Relative
Metal
Size of Virus Bacteria Mist
Ions
Common
Carbon Black Pollen Lint
Materials
Atomic
Tobacco Smoke Coal Dust Beach Sand
Radii

Colloidal Silica Milled Flour

AIR SYSTEM
WHY DO TURBINES NEED CLEAN AIR?

AIR SYSTEM
 WHY DO TURBINES NEED CLEAN AIR?

• Erosion:
the abrasive removal from the compressor
blades and guide vanes. Typically 10 um
particles and larger.
• Fouling:
Accumulated deposits of hardened airborne
particles that alter the profile of the rotor and stator vanes
causing a reduction in operating efficiency.
• Corrosion:
Chemical reaction between ingested airborne
particles and turbine components.

AIR SYSTEM
 WRONG FILTER CORRECT FILTER
SELECTION OR LACK SELECTION AND WELL
OF MAINTENANCE MAINTAINED

AIR SYSTEM
 INLET FILTER TYPES

Inertia
Dusty and Sandy areas

High Efficiency with coalescer

Salt Water Mist

Pulse cleaning

AIR SYSTEM
TYPICAL PULSE FILTER
ARRANGEMENT
AIR SYSTEM
 INLET AIR

Provides filtered clean air for efficient

operation of the gas generator.

Intake Air Filter house

Silencer

Plenum to intake scroll

AIR SYSTEM
TYPICAL ON SHORE INSTALLATION (Powergen)

AIR SYSTEM
INLET FILTER SCREENS & GAS DETECTION

AIR SYSTEM
STORMBUSTERS – INSIDE VIEW
AIR SYSTEM
HE FILTER BAG FRAME AND MOISTURE SEPRATORS
AIR SYSTEM
INLET SILENCER
AIR SYSTEM
 VENTILATION AIR SYSTEM – MAIN FUNCTIONS

• Maintains turbine enclosure temperature at a tolerable level.

• Provides cooling for exposed high temperature machinery surfaces.

• Prevents built-up of gas or fumes within enclosure.

• Maintains positive/negative pressure in the GG enclosure

dependant on package type

• Provide Dampers to contain extinguishant in the event of a fire

AIR SYSTEM
VENTILATION EXHAUST DUCTING

AIR SYSTEM
BLEED AIR SYSTEM

AIR SYSTEM
GAS GENERATOR AIRFLOW CONTROLS

• One stage of Variable inlet Guide Vanes

• Bleed Valves

• 05 module air Cooling Air (Davis Valve)

AIR SYSTEM
 VARIABLE INLET GUIDE VANES
One stage of IP compressor variable inlet guide vanes (VIGVS)
operated by 3 hydraulic rams, scheduled by the (ECS) in
accordance with inlet temperature corrected IP compressor speed
(N1 /T1) in a closed loop control. T1 may be called T20 in some
application, regardless of number it is Inlet air temperature in
degrees Kelvin.

AIR SYSTEM
AIRFLOW
CONTROL
COMPONENTS
TOP
( DUAL FUEL)

AIR SYSTEM
UNDERSIDE
VIEW
( DUAL FUEL)

AIR SYSTEM
STARTING BLEED
VALVES AND
PIPES -24G
( DUAL FUEL)

AIR SYSTEM
BLEED VALVES AND PIPES -24G DLE

AIR SYSTEM
AIR SYSTEM
 BLEED VALVES
The basic function is to prevent GG compressor surge and / or stall by
venting excess air using bleed off valves (BOV´s) during starting and
stopping to improve the operational efficiency at low load conditions.
• 2 IP handling bleed valves spilling IP stage 7 air scheduled to open and
close by the (ECS) in accordance with a corrected I.P. compressor speed

• 1 HP handling bleed valve spilling P263 air scheduled to open and close
by the (ECS) in accordance with a corrected IP compressor speed

ECS to close valves at a non-dimensional IP speed of 345 +/-1 rising and

open them at 337 +/-1 falling

• 3 starting bleed valves spills P263 air during the starting cycle only
Scheduled by P263 air

AIR SYSTEM
AIR SYSTEM
 STARTING BLEED VALVE
OPEN
HP3 AND INTERNAL AIR
PRESSURE
OVERCOME SPRING PRESSURE
HP3 AIR TO CLOSE DURING
START SEQUENCE

SPRING
FORCE

AIR SYSTEM
HP3 HANDLING BLEED VALVE
AIR OPEN

THE LOSS OF HP3 AIR

PRESSURE AND INTERNAL AIR
PRESSURE OVERCOME SPRING
PRESSURE TO CLOSE VALVE
DURING ACCELERATION TO
LOAD

AIR SYSTEM
 COOLING AIR
CONNECTION
(A11) FROM 05
MODULE VENT

TO COMBINED
VENT (L5)

PILOT AIR
CONNECTION
(A12)

DAVIS VALVE CONNECTIONS

AIR SYSTEM
05 MODULE COOLING AIR

Whenever unit is stopped without a

cooldown period, auxiliary air is
supplied to cool the 05 module for a
period of 90 minutes.

AIR SYSTEM
Davis Valve sequence
• Trip armed above 4500 N1
• ESD – Lube oil to by-pass
• Sequence commences
• Runs for 90min cycle
• Successful Re-start stops 90 min cycle and resets.
• If un-successful, cycle continues until 90 mins
complete

AIR SYSTEM
05 MODULE COOLING AIR SCHEDULING

AIR SYSTEM
POWER TURBINE COOLING
AND SEALING

AIR SYSTEM
INSTRUMENT AIR SUPPLY VIA FILTER – REGULATOR AND UCP
CONTROLLED SOLENOID VALVE

AIR SYSTEM
POWER TURBINE SEAL
AIR SYSTEM

AIR SYSTEM
 POWER TURBINE SEALING AIR

Air from the gas generator compressor IP 7th stage is used for the power
turbine labyrinth seal to prevent:

• Bearing case oil entering the exhaust stream during operation

which may cause Smokey Exhaust and undesirable oil
consumption

• Excessive air flow out of coupling vent and Oil mist coming out
the vent

During starting and Postlube Auxiliary air will be required to provide

sealing air.

AIR SYSTEM
AIR SYSTEM
 FRONT BEARING
POWER TURBINE SEAL JOURNAL

SEAL AIR ENTERS AND

MIGRATES IN BOTH
DIRECTIONS
AIR SYSTEM
 POWER TURBINE SEAL ADJUSTMENT

PCV

MANOMETER

NEEDLE
VALVE

AIR SYSTEM
POWER TURBINE RIM COOLING
AIR SYSTEM

AIR SYSTEM
 POWER TURBINE RIM COOLING

Air from the gas generator compressor IP 7th stage is used for:

• Cooling the Power Turbine disc face :

 Control thermal growth differentials
 Minimize unnecessary thermal stress

• Cooling the inlet diffuser casing :

 Provides an insulation blanket around the
outer inlet diffuser minimizing thermal
distortion during operation

AIR SYSTEM
POWER TURBINE RIM COOLING MANIFOLDS

AIR SYSTEM
INSTRUMENT AIR SYSTEM

AIR SYSTEM
 INSTRUMENT OR AUXILLARY AIR

Plant compressed air System must be free of oil and water, filtered to
10 micron and 10 - 50 DEG C, use could include:

• GG rear cooling when an emergency shutdown occurs

• Pressurizing the Gas Generator wash tank

• Power Turbine seal air during start-up and shut down

• Driven Equipment Buffer air

AIR SYSTEM
 Manometer
Davis Valve

Fire Dampers
Solenoid
PT OIL SEAL 4.8bar
PCV

Plant
CV Air

PCV
Set to give
required WASH SKID
manometer reading

AIR SYSTEM
RELIEF VALVE

FLOW RATE ADJUST

AIR PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

COMPRESSOR WASH SKID AIR SYSTEM

EXHAUST GAS SYSTEM

AIR SYSTEM
 EXHAUST GASSES

The Exhaust hood collects the exhaust gas from

the Power Turbine and directs it to a safe
atmosphere, via ducting silencer and exhaust
plenum. The exhaust system may contain
waste heat recovery equipment.

Options for:

• Left
• Right
• Straight

AIR SYSTEM
VIEW INSIDE EXHAUST HOOD

AIR SYSTEM
 INTERFACE CONNECTIONS
A11 COOLING AIR INLET TO DAVIS VALVE

A12 CONTROL AIR TO DAVIS VALVE SERVO

A14 PS25 PRESSURE TAPPING

A15 PS305 PRESSURE TAPPING

A16 PS305 PRESSURE TAPPING

A17 PS305 PRESSURE TAPPING

A21 IP7 PS207 AIR FOR PLANT SERVICES

A22 PS25 PRESSURE TAPPING

A23 GG COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE PRESSURE

A24 PS455 PRESSURE TAPPING (PORT)

A25 PS455 PRESSURE TAPPING (STBD)

A28 GG COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE PRESSURE

AIR SYSTEM
INTERFACE CONNECTIONS (CONT)
A42 IP BLEED VALVE DUCT

A43 HANDLING BLEED VALVE DUCT (STBD)

A44 STARTING BLEED VALVE VENT (PORT)

A48 PS263 PRESSURE TAPPING

A50 STARTING BLEED VALVE VENT (PORT)

A51 STARTING BLEED VALVE VENT (STBD)

A52 PS1 PRESSURE TAPPING (STBD)

A53 PS1 PRESSURE TAPPING (PORT)

A54 PS1 PRESSURE TAPPING (PORT)

A56 HP3 PS263 AIR FOR PLANT SERVICES

A63 05 MODULE VENT

AIR SYSTEM
SCREENS

AIR SYSTEM